English-intonation-英语语调

PhoneticsLesson-IntonationThe12thClass01.02.03.04.05.IntonationNucleusMostimportantwordinasentenceoratoneunit(Stressedsyllableofthelastprominentword).ToneFall,Rise,andFall-Rise;LevelToneUnitSentenceMeaningLexicalMeaningIntonationMeaningMakesenseoutofsounds.Buttherearebordersandthereareborders.ButthereareBORders/andthereareBORders.SenseGroupIntonationUnit(Group)Thosewhosoldquicklymadeaprofit.1)Thosewhosoldquickly/madeaprofit.2)Thosewhosold/quicklymadeaprofit.TheGovernmentofSouthAfricasaidtheZambianPresidenthasgrosslyneglectedtheincidenceofAIDS.1)TheGovernmentofSouthAfricasaid/theZambianPresidenthasgrosslyneglectedtheincidenceofAIDS.2)TheGovernmentofSouthAfrica/saidtheZambianPresident/hasgrosslyneglectedtheincidenceofAIDS.·Nopausewithinanintonationunit.·Pausebetweenboundaries.·Rhythm:stressedvs.unstressedPreheadHeadNucleusTailWethinkso.PreheadNecleusTail'Englishisagloballanguage.HeadNucleusTailABCFallingRisingFall-RiseThefallingtoneisusedinthefollowingtypesofsentencesandsituations:1).Inindependentstatements.(1)Itis'ten↘thirty.(2)I'm'gladto↘meetyou.2).InWH-questions.(1)'HowwasHarry's↘holiday?(2)'Wherewasthe↘hotel?3).Inimperativesentences.(1)'Be↘careful.(2)'Don't↘dropit.4).Inexclamatorysentences(1)↘Lovely!(2)You're'absolutely↘right!FallingCompletion,Certainty,WH-questionThefallingtoneisusedinthefollowingtypesofsentencesandsituations:5).Answertoayes-noquestiontoexpressagreement.(1)-Doeshewantacigarette?-↘No,he↘doesn't.He's'stopped↘smoking.(2)-Doessheeatsweets?-↘Yes,she↘does.She'eats↘everyday.6).Inquestionstags(whenspeakeriscertainabouttheanswer)(1)She's'lookingforaraincoat,↘isn'tshe?(2)Theblue'raincoatistoobright,↘isn'tit?7).WhencorrectingincorrectstatementsA:It'sanAus↘tralianprogram.B:↘No,itisanA↘mericanprogram.8).Ingreetings.(1)Good↘(↗)morning!(2)Hi↘.FallingTherisingtoneisusedinthefollowingtypesofsentencesandsituations:1).Inyes-noquestions.(1)Doyouspeak↗Greek?2).Yes-no-question-likeInterjectionsI'llcon'tacttheuniversity,|↗right?('O↗K?)3).Intagquestions(speakersarenotsureandwanttocheck)Hewaspromoted,↗wasn'the?Comeover'hereaminute,|↗willyou?4).Inanindependentquestion.A:I'mthinkingoftakingabreak.B:↗Areyou?RisingContinuation;Uncertainty;YES/NOquestionsforrepetitionorclarification;disbeliefTherisingtoneisusedinthefollowingtypesofsentencesandsituations:4).WhenlistingafewexamplesLet’s`countour`new↘books.↗One,↗two,↘three.`Oh,wehave↘fivenewbooks.5).InalternativequestionsWouldyou`likea`cupof↗teaora`glassof↘milk?6).Insubordinateclauseornon-finalphrase`Whenshe`gottothe↗station,the`trainhad`already↘left.7).AskforrepeatorattentionA:Miss↗Hill,|MayI'havea↗wordwithyou?B:↗Pardon?RisingTheFall-risetoneisusedinthefollowingtypesofsentencesandsituations:1)He'll'comeon∨Wednesday,but'notonFriday.2)A:Doyousmoke?B:I'dooc∨casionally.(but'not∨regularly.)3)A:I'can'tdoit.B:You∨can.4)'DoasI∨say,or'somethingbadwillhappen.5)A:IsMayin?B:I'm∨sorry,butsheisout.Fall-RiseContrast;Implicational;Correctingmistakes;Warnings;apology