American-Political-System

MountRushmoreCapitolBuilding国会大厦TheWhiteHouseSupremeCourtBuildingChapter16ThePoliticalSystemintheUnitedStatesAwiseandfrugalGovernmentshallrestrainmenfrominjuringoneanother,shallleavethemotherwisefreetoregulatetheirownpursuitsofindustryandimprovement贤明而节俭的政府，会制止人们相互伤害，使他们自由地管理自己的实业和进步活动----ThomasJeffersonAmericanPoliticalSystemArrowsmeaningself-protectionOlivebranches:thepursuitofpeaceChapter16USPoliticalInstitutionsI.TheUSConstitutionII.TheExecutiveBranchIII.TheLegislativeBranchIV.TheJudicialBranchV.PoliticalPartiesⅠTheconstitutionoftheUnitedStates1.ArticlesofConfederation2.ConstitutionoftheUnitedStates3.BillofRightsBackground•TheDeclarationofIndependence:Officiallyproclaimedtheindependenceof13NorthAmericancolonies,butitwasnotveryclearaboutthefuturepoliticalsystemoftheUniteStatesandabouttherelationshipsbetweenthestatesandthegovernmentofthenewnation.•ArticlesofConfederationwithaweaknationalgovernmentcalledtheCongress①Eachstatehaditsowngovernment,madeitsownlawsandhandleditsinternalaffairs.②ThestatesdidnotcooperatewiththeCongressandwitheachother.③TheCongresshadnopowertoforceanystatetocontributemoneytothenationalgovernment④theCongresscouldnottaxanycitizeneither.TheArticlesofConfederation:alegaldocumentwhichboundthe13coloniestogetherasanation.Thedocument,calledthe“ArticlesofConfederationandPerpetual永久的Union,”wasadoptedbyaCongressofthestatesin1777,andformallysignedinJuly1778.TheArticlesofConfederationdevisedalooseassociationamongthestates,andsetupafederalgovernmentwithverylimitedpowers.ItwasreplacedbytheConstitutionoftheUnitedStateswhichwasofficiallyadoptedMarch4,1789.theConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesAmericanConstitutionTheConstitutionof1787-theoldestwrittenconstitutionintheworld2.ConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesTheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaisthesupremelawoftheUnitedStates.ItwasadoptedonSeptember17,1787,bytheConstitutionalConventioninPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,andlaterratifiedbyconventionsineachU.Sstate.Itconsistsofapreamble,sevenoriginalarticles,twenty-sevenAmendments,andaparagraphcertifyingitsenactmentbytheconstitutionalconvention.Preamble:StatementofpurposeArticleOne:LegislativepowerArticleTwo:ExecutivepowerArticleThree:JudicialpowerArticleFour:States’powersandlimitsArticleFive:AmendmentsArticleSix:FederalpowerArticleSeven:RatificationAmendments:TheBillofRights(1–10),Subsequentamendments(11–27)Preamble:WethepeopleoftheUnitedStates,inordertoformamoreperfectUnion,establishjustice,insuredomestictranquility,provideforthecommondefense,promotethegeneralwelfare,andsecuretheblessingsofliberitytoourselvesandourposterity,doordainandestablishthisConstitutionfortheUnitedStatesofAmerica.3.BillofRightsItisthefirst10amendmentstotheU.S.Constitution,confirmingthefundamentalrightsofAmericancitizens.ThenewUnitedStatesofAmericaadoptedthemonDecember15,1791.Theseamendmentslimitthepowersofthefederalgovernment,protectingtherightsofallcitizens,residentsandvisitorsonUnitedStatesterritory.thefirst10amendments,collectivelyknownastheBillofRights,wereaddedwithintwoyearsoftheadoptionoftheU.S.Constitution.Theseamendmentsremainintacttoday,astheywerewrittentwocenturiesago.Thefirstguaranteesfreedomofworship,speechandpress,therightofpeacefulassembly,andtherighttopetitionthegovernmenttocorrectwrongs.TheBillofRightsandsubsequentconstitutionalamendmentsguaranteetheAmericanpeoplethefullestpossibleopportunitytoenjoyfundamentalhumanrightsⅡThreebranchesofthefederalgovernment1.Legislativebranch2.Executivebranch3.JudicialbranchPoliticalSystemStateGovernmentUnionGovernmentBasedonfederalism,theseparationofpowers,andrespectfortheconstitutionandtheruleoflaw.Dealingwithlawandorder,education,publichealthandthingsconcerningdailylives.Foreignaffairsandmattersofgeneralconcerntoallstates.Federalism•Federalismmeansthedivisionofthepowersofgovernmentbetweenthenationandthestate.EachAmericanissubjecttotwogovernments:•1)thegovernmentofhisstateand•2)thegovernmentoftheUnion.•Thestateshavetheprimaryfunctionsofprovidinglawandorder,education,publichealthandmostofthethings,whichconcernday-to-daylife.•ThefederalgovernmentatWashingtonisconcernedwithforeignaffairsandwithmattersofgeneralconcerntothestates,includingcommercebetweenthestates.TheUSConstitution•Separationofpowers:checksandbalancesSeparationofPowersItreferstotheprinciplethatthenationalgovernmentissplitinto3branches:legislative,executiveandjudicial.Inthelegislativebranch,powerissplitfurtherinto2houses.ExecutiveBranchPresidentLegislativeBranchCongressJudicialBranchSupremeCourtLegislativebranch---thecongress•Itismadeupofelectedrepresentativesfromallofthestates•Twochambers:1.theHouseofRepresentative25yearsoldcitizensoftheU.Sforatleast7yearstwo-yearterms,4352.theSenate30yearsold,citizensoftheU.Sforatleast9years.100lawmakers(Eachstate,regardlessofpopulation,hastwosenators)whoservesix-yearterms(staggered).only1/3ofthesenatorselectedevery2years•Powers:makefederallaws,levyfederaltaxesanddeclarewarorputforeigntreatiesintoeffectTheU.S.Congress•Howalawismade?Proposalcalleda“bill”----read,studiedincommittees---commente