Metaphor(含练习)

Metaphor暗喻,隐喻--OneofthemostcommonlyusedfiguresofspeechMetaphor1.Whatismetaphor?Metaphorisacomparisonoftwounlikethingsfromdifferentdomains.Unlikesimile,thecomparisonisimpliedratherthanclearlyexpressed.2.Whatismetaphorcomposedof?--thesubject(本体)--thereference(喻体)--AisB.3.Theformula“AisB”--Forabetterunderstandingofmetaphor-Theworldisastage.-Aromancewasbudding.-Theeconomyisoverheating.-Sheexploded.-Thetemperaturefelltoamurderous-40。C.-Embarrassedatournoisychildren,wesheepishlytriedtosneakintothediningroom,hopingnottobenoticedbyothers.Thenouns,verbs,adj.s,oradv.sareusedtoindicatethereference(喻体).-Theromancewasaplant.-Theeconomyisamachine.-Sheisacontainer.-Thetemperaturewasamurderer.-Weweresheep.4.Thethinkingmodeinvolved–AISB.…isaplant.--Aromancewasbudding.--Thebrilliantfoundersbranchedintomanyareas.…isabuilding.--tocementone’spopularity--theshatteredfoundationsofone’slife--Thetheorywastotallybasedonsolidfoundation.Theeconomyisamachine.--Theeconomyisoverheating.--tofine-tune(微调)inflation.Theeconomyisarocket/anairplane/aspacecraft.--Theeconomysoared/skyrocketed.--Theeconomyplunged.--Ineconomics,asoftlandingisasituationinwhichtheeconomystopsgrowingbutthisdoesnotproducearecession(衰退).Thenouns:internetstockmarketstockmarketbubblesbullettrainsolarstormPittsburghsummit(峰会)Onlyafewwouldgothatfarandcommitcrimes.Thereferences:netmarketbubblesbulletstormsummitgothatfarabstractwhatweareunfamiliarwithconcretewhatwearefamiliarwith--Weuseaconceptthatwearefamiliarwithtodescribeorunderstandanotherconceptthatwearenotsofamiliarwith.Themindisamachine.Heisstillgrindingoutasolution.Hismindisn’toperatingtoday.Heisalittlerustytoday.Ican’tthink;Iamrunningoutofsteam(losingvigor).Howcouldanymaneverunderstandtheworkingsofawoman’smind?ThecoffeewasperfectandbythetimeIwashalfwaythroughmyfirstcupmybrainwastickingovermuchmorebriskly.Anargumentiswar.Yourclaimsareindefensible.Heattackedeveryweakpointinmyargument.Hiscriticismisrightonthetarget.Idemolishedhisargument.I’veneverwonanargumentwithhim.Ifyouusethatstrategy,he’llwipeyouout.Heshotdownallofmyarguments.Ideasarefood.Allthispaperhasinitarerawfacts,half-bakedideas,andwarmed-overtheories.Therearetoomanyfactshereformetodigestthemall.Ijustcan’tswallowthatclaim.Letmestewoverthatforawhile.That’sfoodforthought.Shedevouredthebook.Up&Down–OrientationalmetaphorMoreisup:Speakup,please.Consciousisup:Wakeup.Controlisup:I’montopofthesituation.Happyisup:I’mfeelinguptoday.Lessisdown:Keepdownyourvoice.Unconsciousisdown:Hesankintoacoma.Lackofcontrolisdown:Heisundermycontrol.Sadisdown.Heisreallylowthesedays.Up&Down–OrientationalmetaphorVirtueisup:She’sanupstandingcitizen.Rationalisup:Hecouldalwaysriseabovehisemotion.Lackofvirtueisdown:Thatwasalow-downthingtodo.Nonrationalisdown:Thediscussionfelltoanemotionallevel.ConclusionMetaphoricallanguageisnotarbitrary.Metaphorplaysamajorroleinhowhumanbeingsthink.Metaphorhasprovideduswithabetterunderstandingofourlanguage.5.Theclassificationsofmetaphor--nominal(n.)metaphor;--verbalmetaphor;--adjectivemetaphor;--adverbialmetaphor;(WhentheformulaAISBisnotavailable,then.,v.,adj.,oradv.alwayshelpsustofindoutwhatAis.)5.1Nominal(n.)metaphorMotherTeresaispartofthechromosome(染色体)ofKolkata.Google’snewlydevelopedsoftwarecouldchallengetheSeattlegiant’sdesktopdominance.CharlesDowputusontheworld’sgreatestrollercoaster.Welaughnervouslyallthewayupandwescreamlikehellallthewaydown.Microsoftisagiant.Thestockmarketisarollercoaster.5.2Verbalmetaphor(Thefollowingistakenfromapieceofsportsnews.)SINGAPORE:Chinahasdeliveredastingingslapinthefacetobadminton’sworldgoverningbodybypullingallofitsplayersfromthismonth’sseason-endingfinale.China’spullingitsplayersfromthefinaleisastingingslap.aslapinthefaceScienceoftenthriveswhileadvancingalongcircuitouspathwaystowardunpredictabledestinations,propelledprimarilybyhumancuriosity.Scienceisavehicle.5.3AdjectivemetaphorThiseveningwhenmyfatherburstin,hismoodseemedevenmorethunderousthanusual.Starbucksisnotimmunetocompetition.theimperial(帝王般的)chiefexecutiveunalloyedsuccessMyfather’smoodisathunder.Competitionissomethingdangerous.TheCEOsareemperors(帝王).Thesuccessisametalwithoutmixingothertypesofmetal.5.4AdverbialmetaphorTheideaofbecomingawriterhadcometomeoffandonsincemychildhood,butitwasn’tuntilmythirdyearinhighschoolthatthepossibilitytookhold.offandon:fromtimetotimeOffandoncanbebelievedtodescribealightbulb,whichisconnectedtotheelectricalsupplyfromtimetotime.6.Theparticularsentencestructuresusedinmetaphor3.6TheparticularsentencestructuresusedinmetaphorThelatestwaveofscandalsrockedWallStreet.Myill-consideredmountainofrealestatetumbled.我因考虑不周而购置的房产猛跌了。Onehundredyearslater,theNegrolivesonalonelyislandofpovertyinthemidstofavastoceanofmaterialprosperity.Thescandalsareawave.Therealestateisamountain.Povertyisalonelyisland;materialprosperityisavastocean.7.Comparison&contrastbetweenmetaphorandsimileHappinessislikesunshine.Happinessissunshine.thesunshineofhappinessSimileonlyindicatesth