Piagets-theory-of-cognitive-development

Piaget’stheoryofcognitivedevelopment11级英语教一杨俊郑迦予张帅Firstpart•WhatiscognitivedevelopmentSecondpart•BasicProcessThirdpart•StagesofcognitivedevelopmentWhatiscognitivedevelopment?Cognitivedevelopmentisdefinedasthinking,problemsolving,conceptunderstanding,informationprocessingandoverallintelligence.Inshort,Piagetbelievedthatcognitivedevelopmentwasthedirectresultofmaturation(ageing)andenvironment.Piagetbelievedthatchildrenplayanactiveroleintheircognitivedevelopment.JeanPiaget’sCognitive-DevelopmentTheoryPiaget’sThreeBasicAssumptions1.Children’sconstructiveprocessesaregeneratinghypotheses,performingexperiments,anddrawingconclusions.2.Childrenleanmanyimportantlessonsontheirown,ratherthandependingoninstructionfromadultsorolderchildren.3.Childrenareintrinsicallymotivatedtolearnanddonotneedrewardsfromadultstodoso.InfluencesonDevelopmentPiagetidentifiedfourfactorsthatinteracttoinfluencechangesinthinking,whicharebiologicalmaturation（成熟）activity（练习与经验）socialexperiences（社会性经验）equilibration（具有自我调节作用的平衡过程）Maturation,activityandsocialtransmissionvariesaccordingtotheirstageofcognitivedevelopment.2019/10/61assimilation2accommodationistheprocessofusingexistingschemestomakesenseofnewandmorecomplexschemes.istheprocessofchangingexistingschemestomakesenseofnewandmorecomplexschemes.Part2BasicprocessSchemeisatermusedbyPiagettodescribethementalstructurethatgiveschildmodelforwhathappenswhenhe/shedoessomething.2019/10/6istheprocessofcombiningexistingschemesintonewandmorecomplexschemesthenreachabalance.Part2Basicprocess3Equilibration2019/10/6Then,onedaythebabysawanairplaneflying,hecalleditabirdThen,hisparentstoldhimthisflyingobjecthasnofeathers,andtoldhimit'sanairplane.Childexperiencesconflictuponrealizingthatthenewbirdhasnofeathers.Concludesitisnotabirdandasksfortheproperterm.Atlast,heknowsthatbirdsandairplanesarebothflyingobjects,andknowtheirdifferences.Example:AbabywhohasneverseenanythingflybutbirdsthinksthatallflyingobjectsarebirdsAssimilationAccommodationEquilibrationFourStagesofCognitiveDevelopmentTheSensorimotorStageThePreoperationalStageTheConcrete-OperationalStageFormalOperationalAgeRangeDiscriptionofStageDevelopmentalPhenomenaBirth-2Sensorimotor--experiencingtheworldthroughsensesandactionsObjectpermanencestrangeranxiety2-7yearsPreoperational--representingthingswithwordsandimagespretendplayegocentrismlanguagedevelopment7-11yearsConcreteOperational--thinkinglogicallyaboutconcreteeventsandgraspingconcreteanalogiesconservationmathematicaltransformation11---FormalOperational--thinkingabouthypotheticalscenariosandprocessingabstractthoughtsabstractlogicpotentialformuturemoralreasoning