UnitFive连词、介词及介词短语连词并列连词及其用法重点短语(就近一致原则):notonly….butalso…,either….or…,neither…nor…从属连词及其用法重点短语because,for,since,nowthat关联考点:定语从句中关系代词(that,which)参考P173-175介词分类1.简单介词2.合成介词:into3.复合介词:即两个介词一起用。Exceptfor除…以外,fromunder从…下面,untilafter直到…之后,insideof在…里面,outsideof在…外面Theboysareplayingfootballoutsideoftheclassroom.Alifeisn’tsignificantexceptforitsimpactonotherlives.一个生命如果对别的生命没有影响,就无足轻重。4.短语介词:accordingto根据,alongwith和…在一起,dueto因为,thanksto幸亏,bymeansof依靠,inhonorof出于对…的敬意,为了纪念…..Lifebecomesricherbecauseoftheofferoflove.生活因为爱的给予而变得更为丰富。Thedeafoftencommunicatebymeansofsigns.耳聋者经常借助于手势交流。Grandceremoniesareheldeachyearinhonorofthosekilledinbattle.每年都举行盛大仪式纪念阵亡将士。5.分词介词:concerning关于,excluding除…以外,following在…之后,including包括,involving涉及,given考虑到Followingthespeech,therewillbeafewminutesforquestions.演说之后有几分钟时间用于提问。介词一、早、午、晚要用ininthemorning,intheday二、年、月、年月、在四季,在第几周等都要用in(但在某年某月某日则用on)例一:In的用法in1986、inMarch、inJulyl983、inspring、insummer、inthefistweekofthissemester三、在阳光下,在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等要用in。例:Don’treadindimlight.Theyaresittingintheshadeofatree.Hewentintheraintomeetmeatthestation.Bettergotoheaveninragsthantohellinriches.thewomaninwhiteinuniform、inbrownshoes四、in后跟时间段表将来时态,意为:...以后Theywillcomebackin/within10days.(within表示10天内)I’llcomeroundinadayortwo.We’llbebackinnotime.Comeandseemeintwodays’time.五、小处at大处inHearrivedatHeishancountysafeandsound.Iliveinagreatcity(bigcity),whilemysisterlivesatasmalltown(atavillage).I’minLiaoning,atAnshan.六、语言、单位、材料Ireallycan’texpressmyideainEnglishfreelyindeed.IwroteanovelinRussian.Thelengthismeasuredinmeterandkilometer.Thisboardwascastinbronzenotingold.七、状态、心情、方面与方式、成语惯用语Hehasnotbeeningoodhealthforsomeyears.Manywhocameindespairwentawayinhope.Thehousewasinruins.Thepoorgirlwasintears.Hisshoeswereinholes.Shespokeingriefratherthaninanger.。Agoodteachermustbeanexampleinstudy.一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。Thebackwardareahasachievedself-sufficientingrain.这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。Allthespeechesweretakendowninshorthand.所有报告都用速记记录下来了。Hismindwasingreatconfusion.他脑子里很乱。Todayeverybodyisinhighspirits.今天大家都兴高采烈。inall总计、inadvance事前例二:同一个词与介词搭配的复杂性(1)agreewithsb/sth同意(某人的)观点agreetosth赞同、答应agreeonsth就…达成一致意见(2)consistof由…组成consistin在于consistwith与…一致(3)differwith与(某人)观点不同differfrom与(另)一事物不同differin在…方面不同(4)bemadefrom由…制成(状态变化)bemadeof由…制成(性质没变)bemadeupof由…组成bemadewith用原料制成二、几组表示相似概念介词的比较1.表示时间的介词at+时间点:at4:30,atChristmasatnoon/dawn/midnighton+日期,某天的上/下午,晚上onSunday(afternoon),但intheafternoononSunday;onanautumneveningin+年,月份,季节,第几周in+时间段(见in的用法)after+具体时间after2o’clock,afterthewar,aftersupper,after1990for+时间段,表示(延续)若干时间,回答howlong问题HowlongdidyoustayinLondon?IstayedinLondonfortwodays.2.表示方位的介词to在…面(不属于该地区);in在…部(属于该地区);on在…面(接壤)ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海在中国的东部。JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本位于中国的东面。VietnamliesonthesouthofChina.越南位于中国的南面。3.表示工具,方式,方法,手段的介词有形with;无形by;Theworkersarepavingaroadwithstone.工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)Theteacheriscorrectingthepaperwithanewpen.这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)Theproductisseparatedbydistillationintogasolineandgasoil.这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。(无形)Wecangetenergybyburningfuel.我们可以通过燃烧燃料来获得能量。(无形)交通工具用by且无冠词:bybus,bycar,bybike.但指具体的某一交通工具时有冠词:Hearrivedtherebytaxi.Hearrivedthereinanoldtaxi.Wewillgotherebyship.Wewillgothereonasteamship.4.表示“除…以外”的介词besides“除…以外,还/也”,相当于inadditiontoExcept“除…以外,(其余都)”,常与“all,every,no,none,nothing”等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。Weallwentexcepthim.除了他没去以外,我们都去了。Threeothersalsowentbesideshim.除了他(去了)以外,还去了三个人。except后面可跟名词或一介词短语。Heansweredallthequestionsexceptthelastone.除了最后一个问题外,所有的问题他都回答了。Iwentnowhereexcepttothelibrary.除了图书馆以外,我哪儿都没去。Exceptfor”除以外”,前后的词不属于同类词,except前后的词属于同类词,Yourcompositionisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.除了几处拼写错误以外,你的作文写得很好。Exceptforanoldlady,thebuswasempty.But表示“除…以外,(其余都/都不)”,和except的用法相同可互换。Thereisnooneherebut(except)me.Hesaidhewouldspendhisholidayanywherebut(except)London.他说他愿意在除了伦敦以外的任何地方度假。两者都可接动词不定式,当谓语动词是“do“时,常省略to;否则必须保留to.Lastnight,IdidnothingbutwatchTV.(省略to)Theenemyhadnochoicebuttosurrender.敌人没别的选择,只好投降。(保留to)apartfrom“除…以外”,根据上下文判断意思,既可用作besides,也可用作except和exceptfor.Apartformthem,Ihadnoonetotalkto.(=except)除了他们以外,我没有人说话。Apartfromotherconsiderations,timeisalsoafactor.(=besides)除了别的考虑之外,时间也是一个因素。Itisagoodpieceapartfromafewslightfaults.(=exceptfor)除了几个小毛病以外,这是一篇佳作。5.表方向的介词at、to:用at表示方向时,侧重于攻击的目标,往往表示恶意;用to表示方向时,突出运动的位置或动作的对象,侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句:1.A.Shecameatme.她向我扑过来。B.Shecametome.她向我走过来。2.A.JakeranatJohn.几杰克向约翰扑过去。B.JakerantoJohn.杰克朝约翰跑去。3.A.Herushedatthewomanwithasword.他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。B.Herushedtothewomanwithasword.他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。4.A.Heshoutedattheoldman.他大声喝斥那老人。B.Heshoutedtotheoldman.他大声向那老人说Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextent___whichapricechangewillaffectsupplyanddemand.A.fromB.withC.toD.for能预料物价变化对供求关系的影响程度,会是很有用的。totheextent达到某种程度;toacertainextent,tosomeextent,在某种程度上;towhatextent,达到什么程度Iagreewithwhatyousaytosome/acertain/alargeextent.Thetemperaturerosetosuchanextent(=somuch)thatthefiremenhadtoleavetheburningbuild.把该句的主从句改成两个单句Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextent.Apricechangewillaffectsupplyanddemandto…extent.可见,extent在从句中作介词to的宾语,如果先行词在从句中作介词的宾语,可以把介词提到关系词之前,但关系词不能用that.试比较下句:Whileitisnotpossible