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1、语法一致语法一致的原则是指主语为单数或复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。但我们要注意一些特殊情况；1）以alongwith,togetherwith,with,aswellas,ratherthan,but,except,like,including…连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数以第一个主语为主。isAir,aswellaswater,_____matter.is2)用and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词前没有冠词。Ahammerandasaw_____usefultools.areThepoetandwriter______coming.is3)成对的名词，如breadandbutter涂黄油的面包，sodaandwater汽水，coffeeandmilk加牛奶的咖啡，aimandend目的，saltandwater盐开水等，虽然有and连接，但仍表单一概念，作主语时，谓语用单数。Aknifeandfork__onthetable.Whiskyandsoda__alwayshisfavoritedrink.isis4)如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词，但前面有each,every,manya,no等词修饰时，谓语用单数。Everyboyandeverygirlinthisvillage__taughttoreadandwrite.Nostudentandnoteacher__invitedtotheparty.isis5)表示度量、价格、时间的复数名词词组作主语时一被看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。Tenmiles__agooddistance.is6)Ving,Todo或从句作主语，其谓语用单数形式。Servingthepeople__mygreatesthappiness.Tomasteraforeignlanguage__veryimportant.Whenwe’llgooutforanouting_______beendecidedisishasn’tWhatwewant____another20people.are7)主语是“eachof…”，时，其谓语用单数。复数名词+each作主语,谓语动词用复数.Theyeach____anEnglishdictionary.Eachofus___somethingtosay.havehas8)主语是none,neither,no…等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。但在代表不可数概念时,谓语动词用单数.Noneofus______perfect.Noneofus____goodswimmers.Noneofus__agoodswimmer.Noneofthis_______me.(worry)are/isareisworries9)不定代词all,more,most,any,等以及名词half,part,therest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。Mostoftheapples____rotten.Mostoftheapple___eaten.werewas1o)“anumberof+名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数；“thenumberof+名词复数”作主语，谓语用单数。Anumberofpupils____readingpicture-books.(like)Thenumberofdeer,lionsandwildroses____notchangemuchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.doeslike12)“……的几分之几”和“……的百分之几”作主语时，其谓语用单数或复数取决于of后的名词。Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth__sea.40percentofthestudentsinourclass___girls.isare13)主语是表示数量的“oneandahalf+复数名词”，其谓语用单数形式主语是“oneortwo+复数名词”，其谓语用复数形式。Oneandahalfbananas__leftonthetable.There___oneortwothingsI‘dliketoknowabout.isare14)由manya或morethanone+单数名词作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。Manyaforeigner___beentotheGreatWall.Morethanonestudent___visitedtheexhibition.hashasI,who__yourteacher,willteachyoueverythingIknow.Sheistheonlyoneofthesewomenwho_____theviolin.(play)amplays15)在定语从句中主语是关系代词who,that,which,谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。16)“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”之前有theonly,thevery,the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。17)主语是a/this/thatkindof+名词，谓语与kind保持一致.名词+a/this/thatkind,谓语与名词保持一致。Thiskindofcloth____soft.(feel)There___differentkindsofanimals.Thiskindofactors___easilyfound.Actorsofthiskind___easilyfound.feelsareareis18)．算式中表示数目的主语通常看作单数，其谓语常用单数形式，也可用复数。Fivetimesfouris(are)twenty.Multiplechoice:1.Onthewall______twolargeportraits.A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging2.“Newsofvictories_____pouringinasourarmyadvances,”thecompanycommandersaid.A.keepB.keepsC.keptD.havekept3.There_____alotofmilkinthebottle.A.areB.isC.wereD.has4.Zhang’sfamily____ratherbig,withtwelvepeopleinall.A.isB.areC.beingD.was5.NobodybutJaneandMary____thesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknownMultiplechoice:6.Allbutone_____herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were7.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks____tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered8.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary__tiredofhavingoneexamafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be9.Thenumberofpeopleinvited____fifty,butanumberofthem____absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were10.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_____yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided2、意义一致的原则：指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志.类似这样的集体名词有：family,class,audience,committee（委员会）,crowd,crew,group,party,population,team,public,council（理事会）,village等。Hisfamily___allmusiclovers.Hisfamily___verybig.areis1)某些集体名词后可跟动词单数或复数。如果这些集体名词指整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；指具体成员时用复数。2)主语是一些只有复数形式的名词，如clothes,trousers,glasses,compasses,scissors,shoes,socks,gloves等时，谓语用复数。但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有apairof修饰时，谓语用单数。Mytrousers___new;There__apairofshoesinthebox.areisMathematics_____tobedifficulttolearn.(seem)Anewmeansofteaching__beingusedinthatschool.TheUnitedStates__adevelopedcountry.注：学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时，谓语常用复数。Mymathematics___weak.isseemsisare3)主语是以-ics结尾的学科名词mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works(工厂)和用作书名TheArabianNights、报纸名ThenewYorkTimes国名TheUnitedStates等都属复数形式，而意义单数的名词，其谓语用单数形式。另外means一词单复数同形应视具体情况而定。3)the+形容词或分词作主语时，如指一类人。其谓语用复数，如指抽象概念，其谓语用单数.Therich___notalwayshappy.Thenew__suretoreplacetheold.areis3.就近一致谓语与靠近的那个主语保持一致.1)由here,there,where引导的倒装句中.1)Here_____thebus.2)There__apenandtwobooksonthetable.3)Where__yourwifeandchildren?comesisis2)由or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等连接的并列主语.1)Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher____anythingaboutit.2)Heoryou____takenmypen.knowshave1.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks____tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered2.Onthewall______twolargeportraits.A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging3.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be4.Allbutone____herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were5.“Newsofvictories_____pouringinasourarmyadvances,”thecommandersaid.A.keepB.keepsC.keptD.havekept6.There_____alotofmilkinthebottle.A.areB.isC.wereD.has