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1定语从句（初中）在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语。例如：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.（that作主语）Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语。例如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.（作主语）Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.（作宾语）3.who，whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom。例如：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.（作主语）Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto？（作宾语）注意：1）当关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时，who、that、which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构（此时关系代词不能用that代替）。例如：Thisisthehouse(which/that)welivedinlastyear.(可省)Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.(不可省，关系代词不可用that)Pleasetellme(whom/that)youborrowedtheEnglishnovelfrom.(可省)PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.(不可省，关系代词不可用that)2）关系词只能用that的情况：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.ThisisthemostbeautifulplacethatIhavebeento.b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？=Ididn'tunderstandthewordsallthathesaid.c.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few，no，just等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。3）关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：2a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：（同（1））Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：Tomcameback，whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。（3）why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。注意：“介词+which/whom”结构有时可与其他关系代词或关系副词互相转换Thatisthehousewheremyfatherusedtolive.=Thatisthehousewhichmymotherusedtolivein.=Thatisthehouseinwhichmymotherusedtolive.上句中：inwhich=where六：练习(一)1．Didyoufindthenotebook______Jimhadgivenmeformybirthday?A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose2.That'sall______Ihaveseenandheard.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.what3.Haveyouseentheman______planweweretalkingabout______yesterday?A.who,themB.its,themC.whose,/D.whose,them4.TheOscarisoneofthefilmprizes______offeredtoanyChineseactororactresssofar.A.whicharenotB.thathavenotbeenC.thathasnotD.thathasnotbeen5.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.A.thatB.asC.whoD.which6.Theman________coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.who'sB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich7._________cleanstheclassroomcangohomefirst.A.AnyoneB.thosewhoC.HoweverD.Theonewho8.Thepolicecaughttheman_______stolemyhandbag.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which9.Thegirl________isreadingunderthetree________mysister.A.which,isB.whom,wasC.who,isD.who,was10.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which11.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof_______youarenotsure.A.whichB.whatC.asD.Those12.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone13.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone14.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone315.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat16.Canyoulendmethenovel______theotherday?A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout17.Isthereanything_______toyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs18.----“Howdoyoulikethebook?”----“It’squitedifferentfrom_______Ireadlastmonth.”A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat19.Theywereinterested_______youtoldthem.A.inwhichB.inthatC.allthatD.ineverything20.----Doyouknowthetownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI________here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming初中英语定语从句练习题（二）1.Istillrememberthenight_______Ifirstcametothehouse.2.I'llneverforgettheday________wemeteachotherlastweek.3.MrBlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,_______isthebestseasonthere.4.Iwillneverforgetthedays_______Ispentwithyourfamily.5.I'llneverforgetthelastday______wespenttogether.6.Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.7.Doyoustillremembertheplace______wevisitedlastweek?8.Doyoustillremembertheplace_______wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?9.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,_____isfamousfortheWestLake?10.HaveyoueverbeetoHangzhou,______liestheWestLake?11.TomwillgotoShanghai,______livehistwobrothers.12.IliveinBeijing,____isthecapitalofChina.13.Therewasatime______therewereslavesintheUSA.14.Itisthethirdtime______youhavemadethesamemistake.15.Itwasinthestreet_____ImetJohnyesterday.16.Itwasabout600yearsago____thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourha