初中英语被动语态讲解

初中英语被动语态讲解（一）语态的基本概念和种类语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。如：Theybuiltthebridge.Thebridgewasbuiltbythem.(二)被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught一般过去时：was／were＋taught一般将来时：will／shallbe＋taught现在进行时：am／is／arebeing＋taught过去进行时：have／hasbeen＋taught现在完成时：have／hasbeen＋taught歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词(三)被动语态的用法1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.这本书出版于1981年。(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：thewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。(1)通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be/get+过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。如：LiLeiplantedthetreelastyear.→ThetreewasplantedbyLiLeilastyear.这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。WorkersmadethemachinesinChangsha.→ThemachinesweremadeinChangsha.这些机器是长沙造的。(2)将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：Hepaintedthedoorgreenyesterday.→Thedoorwaspaintedgreenyesterday.昨天门被漆成绿色了。注意：表示“使、让”的动词make,have等，以及感官动词see,watch,observe,feel,hear,listento,lookat等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的to要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。如：Isawhimgointotheteachers’office.→Hewasseentogointotheteachers’office.看见他进入了教师办公室。(3)带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如：Hegavemethepenlastyear.→Iwasgiventhepenlastyear./Thepenwasgiventomelastyear.这支笔是去年给我的。【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,post,send,show,take,teach,tell,write,throw等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：book,buy,call,cook,do,get,make,save等。(4)动词believe,consider,declare,expect,know,report,say,suppose,think等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如：Hewassaidtogethurtinthecaraccident.人们说他在车祸中受伤了。Itwassaidthathegothurtinthecaraccident.人们说他在车祸中受伤了。(5)短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。如：Shehasneverbeenoperatedonbefore.她从未动过手术。Thebabywaslookedafterbyhersister.这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。Hisplanwaslaughedatbyeveryone.他的计划大家都嘲笑。（6）动词不定式的被动语态：即把todo变成tobedone（五）不用被动语态的情况1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear,die,disappear,end,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.(对)Thepricehasrisen.(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(错)Thepricehasraised.(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.(错)Pleaseseat.(对)Pleasebeseated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongtoThiskeyjustfitsthelock.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.3)系动词无被动语态：appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turnItsoundsgood.4)带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die,death,dream,live,lifeShedreamedabaddreamlastnight.5)当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。(对)Shelikestoswim.(错)Toswimislikedbyher.()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()8Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()11Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()12Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()13Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()14Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't()15—Myshoesarewornout.—_______________A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?()16___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()17___thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()18Why___totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()19Whowasthebook___?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()20Where___theseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am()21Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()22Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()23Theteachermadehim___hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done()24Theboy___streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()25Thesechildren____dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto