四级句子成分:主谓宾定状补表

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句子1.句子成分:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语2.按交际功能分:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句3.按句子结构分:简单句、并列句、复合句句子成分1:主语主语是一个句子所述说的主体。主语的位置一般在句首。英语中主语一般不省略。1.TheboycomesfromAmerica.名词作主语2.Heusuallywenttoschoolalone.代词作主语3.StudyingEnglishisveryimportant.动名词短语作主语4.Toteachhimalessonseemsquitenecessary.不定式短语作主语5.Thathewontheprizeexcitedeveryone.主语从句作主语6.Itisimportantforustohaveourdreams.It作形式主语,tohaveourdreams不定式短语作真正的主语句子成分1:主语7.Itisobviousthathewaswrong.It作形式主语,thathewaswrong主语从句作真正的主语。8.Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.It’snousedoingsth.做某事是没用的spill–spilt–spilt(使)洒出,溢出覆水难收。It作形式主语,cryingoverthespiltmilk动名词短语作真正的主语。句子成分1:主语Haveatry•TranslatethesentencesintoChinese.1.没什么是不可能的。Nothingisimpossible.(不定代词作主语)2.抱怨是没用的。Complainingisuseless.(动名词作主语)Itisnousecomplaining.(it作形式主语,complaining动名词作真正主语)Haveatry•TranslatethesentencesintoChinese.3.怎么减少我们的压力是个问题。Howtoreduceourstressisaquestion.(主语从句作主语)4.我们立刻解决这个问题是件紧急的事。It’surgentthatwesolvetheproblemrightnow.(it作形式主语,that引导主语从句)Haveatry•TranslatethesentencesintoChinese.6.迎接新世纪的挑战很重要。It’snecessaryforustomeetthechallengeofthenewcentury.(it作形式主语,不定式短语做真正主语)•1.我不做大哥好多年了。•2.木屋烧烤是奥巴马的弟弟开的。•3.你没有牵着女朋友走过财大的银杏大道真是遗憾。•4.他弄清楚了他其实对过四级不感兴趣。•5.重要的是我们应该密切注意他的健康情况。句子成分2:谓语谓语说明主语的动作、状态或特征。谓语由动词或动词短语充当,或者由“系动词+表语”构成。谓语的位置一般出现在主语之后。动词分为:实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。1.实义动词为行为动词。它是表示动作或状态的动词,能单独做谓语。进一步可以分为及物动词(如believe,lend,make,win等)和不及物动词(如happen,sleep,work等)。句子成分2:谓语2.系动词:系动词本身有意思,但不能单独做谓语,后面必须跟表语,构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等。包括:be动词感官系动词:feel,look,smell,sound,taste等变化系动词:become,grow,turn,get,go持续性系动词:keep,remain,stay表“像”系动词:seem,appear,look终止性系动词:prove,turnout句子成分2:谓语3.助动词:have,be,do等。助动词一般没有意义,不能单独做谓语。助动词的作用主要帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句。如:Heiswaitingforthebus.Hehasmadeuphismind.Doyouloveme?4.情态动词:can,could,may,might,must,should,need,haveto,oughtto,dare等句子成分2:谓语练习:1.Hisparentsareteachers.系动词+表语2.Thesunrisesintheeast.实义动词(不及物动词)3.Wehavefinishedreadingthebook.助动词+动词过去分词句子成分2:谓语练习:4.Yououghttoworkharder.情态动词+动词原形5.Ifeltcold.系动词+表语6.Hedoesn’tlikemusic.助动词+动词原形句子成分3:宾语宾语是动词的动作对象。一般由名词、宾格代词,或相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句)。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语。IwillgraduatefromLTP.介词+宾语Ilikecoffee.动词+宾语I’mafraidthatIwillfailtheexam.形容词+宾语句子成分3:宾语练习:1.Hehasnevermetherinperson.宾格代词2.Shehandedhimabook.him宾格代词作间接宾语,abook名词作直接宾语。3.Helikestoplaybasketball.不定式短语作宾语句子成分3:宾语练习:4.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.动名词短语作宾语5.Shesaidthatshefeltsick.宾语从句作宾语6.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.名词化的形容词作宾语又如:theold,theyoung句子成分3:宾语练习:7.Ifinditimpossibletobelieveheranylonger.it作形式宾语,不定式短语作真正的宾语8.Weconsideritnogoodgettinguplate.it作形式宾语,动名词短语作真正的宾语9.Theybelieveditstrangethatheshouldhavedonethat.it作形式宾语,宾语从句作真正的宾语Haveatry•TranslatethesentencesintoChinese.1.我觉得游泳令我感到轻松。Ifindswimmingveryrelaxing.(动名词作宾语)2.我觉得学英语很重要。IthinkthatlearningEnglishisimportant.(that引导宾语从句,作宾语)IconsideritimportanttolearnEnglish.(it作形式宾语,tolearnEnglish不定式短语作真正宾语)Haveatry•TranslatethesentencesintoChinese.3.我们觉得在2008年奥运会成为志愿者是很有意义的。Wethink(that)itwasmeaningfultobecomevolunteersinthe2008OlympicGames.(that引导宾语从句,作宾语)Wethinkitmeaningfulthatwebecamevolunteersinthe2008OlympicGames.(it作形式宾语,that引导宾语从句作真正宾语)一、表语系动词是表示人或事物状态、性质的动词,如:be,get,sound,look,seem,feel等。系动词后面的部分叫表语。作表语的典型词类是形容词,也可以名词、数词、极少数副词(如here,there)、介词短语、不定式、分词、表语从句等。系动词与表语共同构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质等。练习:请找出下列句子的表语并指出表语是由什么来充当的(名词、数词、形容词、介词,不定式,分词,还是表语从句)。1.Mywalletisonthedesk.(_____________________)2.Thebookisn’tmine.(_____________________)mine,名词性物主代词。onthedesk,介词短语。3.Theleavesturnyellowinfall.(______________________)4.Hehasbecomeapoliceofficer.(______________________)apoliceofficer,名词。yellow,形容词。5.Mysuggestionisthatweshouldstartatonce.(_____________________________)6.Mysuggestionistoleaveatonce.(_____________________________)toleaveatonce,不定式短语。thatweshouldstartatonce.表语从句。7.Hisspeechwasboring.(_________________)8.Thewholeclassgotexcitedatthegoodnews.(_________________)excited,过去分词。boring,现在分词。二、定语定语用来修饰名词或代词,起限定作用。作定语的典型词类是形容词和形容词性物主代词,也可以是数词、名词、介词短语、分词、定语从句等。定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但若修饰复合不定代词(如something)时,或者是短语或定语从句作定语,则总是放在所修饰名词的后边。练习:请找出下列句子的定语并指出定语是由什么充当(形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句)1.Thebeautifulsightattractsmanytouristseveryyear.(__________________________)beautiful,形容词;many,数词。2.Thewalletonthedeskismine.(____________________)3.Thedemandingbosswasn’tsatisfiedwithmywork.(_________________________________)demanding,现在分词;my,形容词性代词。onthedesk,介词短语。4.Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.(_____________________________)5.Heisoneofthestudentsthathavebeenlate.(_____________________________)beingrepaired,现在分词短语;our,形容词性代词。one,数词;thathavebeenlate,定语从句6.Theexcitedboysburstintocheers.(_______________________)7.Awomanpoliceofficerwaspraisedforhergoodwork.(_______________________)woman,名词;good,形容词。excited,过去分词。补充名词作定语:pocketmoney零用钱;alarmclock闹钟;sportscar跑车不定式作定语:Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.That’sthewaytodoit.介词短语:It’samapofChina.三、状语状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,作状语的典型词类是副词,也可以是介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句等。练习:请找出下列句子的状语并指出状语是由什么充当(副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句)。1.Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyathome.(________________________________)carefully,副词;athome,介词词组。todosomeshopping不定式作目的状语;onSunday介词短语表时间。2.Hermothergoesouttodosomeshop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