1中学——情态动词讲解01.不能单独做谓语,必须与动词共同充当句子的谓语,无数的变化02.情态动词的种类情态动词词义否定形式词义can能够,会can’t不能,不会could能够,会couldn’t不能,不会may可以//must必须mustn’t不允许,不能shall将,要//should应该shouldn’t不应该need需要needn’t不必would将会,愿wouldn’t不会,不愿03.情态动词的种类用法1.can和could的用法(1)can/could表示“能力;许可;可能性”等。could为can的过去式。如:CanIuseyourbook?我可以用你的书吗?(2)can用在疑问句中,表示征求意见、请求许可,could用在疑问句中,比can更委婉、客气,是一种礼貌的说法,并不表示过去时态,答语用can,而不能用could。Eg:-Couldyoutellmethewaytothepark?你能告诉我去公园的路吗?-Sorry.Ican't.I'mnewhere。不好意思,我不知道。我是新来的。(3)表推测Eg:Yourmothercan'tbeserious.Youcouldberight,butIdon'tthinkyouare.[注意]①can和could只能用于现在时和过去时两种时态。②另外,can't可表示否定推测。2.may和might的用法may/might意为“可以”,表示同意、许可或请求对方许可,也可表示祝愿。might是may的过去式,有两种用法:一种表示过去式;一种表示虚拟语气,使语气更加委婉、客气,或表示可能性更小。以may开头的一般疑问句,其否定回答用mustn't。Eg:MayIuseyourbook?我可以用你用的书吗?Hemightbealive.他可能还活着。【注意】can和may都可以用来表示请求或允许,但may比can更正式,更客气。3.must和should(1)must意为“必须,应当”,含有一种命令的语气,比较生硬,不容商量。否定形式mustn't,表示“不得”,“一定不要”。如:Eg:Youmustn'tdriveafterdrinking。你绝不能酒后驾车。①must与haveto的区别:must表示说话人的主观意愿;haveto表示客观需要。②回答由must引导的疑问句:2肯定回答:Yes,…must.如:-MustIgohomenow?-Yes,youmust.否定回答:No,…needn't./No,…don't/doesn'thaveto.Eg:-MustIgohomenow?-No,youneedn't.。③must表推测,意为“想必;一定”,只用于肯定句中;表“推测”时,情态动词与动词原形,(常为be动词)连用,如:Themanmustbeyourteacher。那个人一定是你的老师。(2)should意为“应当,应该”,表示建议或劝告,语气比较委婉,客气。否定形式为shouldn’t。Eg:Youshouldgetupearly.Youshouldn'teattoomuchsugar.4.will和would1)用于疑问句,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用would比will更委婉,更客气。如:Willyoupleaseopenthewindow?Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?2)would表示建议“你愿意…吗”-Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?-Yes,I’dloveto./I’dloveto.ButI’mbusynow.[注意区别]①I’dlike+n.…我想要…(接名词)如:I’dlikesomewater.②I’dliketo+v.…我想要做…(接动词原形)如:I’dliketogowithTom.5、shall用于第一人称(I,we),可以表示“将”和表示建议“……好吗?”eg:①Whereshallwehavedinner?②-Shallwegofishing?-Allright.\OK.\Goodidea.6.need1.在肯定句中,need为一般动词,具有人称及时态变化不定式或名词作宾语Heneedstocomeearly.某物做主语Thecarneedstobecleaned=Thecarneedscleaning.2.否定句中,need与not连用,need为主动词Heneednotgo.=Hedoesn'tneedtogo.3.疑问句中可做助动词也可以做动词Doesheneedtogo?=Needhego?4.didn'tneedto+动词原形neednothave+过去分词3情态动词专练I单项选择1.________Itryonthatsweater?________ItisjustforshowACould;Yes,youcanBCan:Sorry,youcouldn'tCCould:Sorry,youcan'tDCan;Yes,youcould2.—MustIdressupastheMonkeyKing?No,you________.YoucanchoosewhateveryoulikeA.can'tB.mustn'tC.shouldn'tD.needn’t3.________youcometomypartyonSunday?Sorry,I'mnotavailable.I________studyforthemathtestACan:mustBMust:canCNeed;mayDMay;can4.—MustIdothedishesnow?-No,you________.A.mustn'tB.needn’tCmaynotDcant5.Whoseisthatredcoat?It________beJohns.HisisyellowA.mustB.mustn'tC.can’tDcan6.—Mustwefinishtheworktoday?________.WewillhavesomethingelsetodotomorrowA.Yes.wecanBNo,wecan'tCYes,wemustDNo,weneedn't7.You________tellanybodyaboutthis--it'sasecret.AcanBmustC.mustn't8.-Mum,________IvisittheScienceMuseumtomorrow?I’mafraidyoucan't.ItisclosedonMondaysAmustBmayCshould9.—Manypeopleplaywithmobilephonesalldayinsteadofreadingbooks.That'stoobad.Everyone________beabookloverReadingismoreenjoyableAmayBshouldCwould10.Whowillgiveusthespeechonpublicmanners?Mr.Brown________,butI'mnotsureAcanBneedC.mustDmightⅡ.用合适的情态动词填空1.Asstudents,we________obeytheschoolrules2.Putonwarmclothes.You________feelcoldlateron3.Ithinkchildren________reallylearntorespecttheirelders4.Children________playnearthestreet.It'sdangerous.5.--MustIreturnthebooktomorrowmorning?N0.you________.You________keepitforthreedays6.--CouldItryonthejeans?Yes,you________7.You________worryabouthim;heisnotachild8.Theblackwallet________beJim’s,TomsorJohns.Theyalllikethecolor9.Themanyousawjustnow________beMr.Wang.HehasgonetoBeijing.410.It________beLucy'sbookShelikesthiskindofbooks11.Thecoat________beTina's.It'stoobigforher.专项综合全练(三)情态动词专练1.C句意:------我能试穿一下那件毛衣吗?—抱歉,你不可以。它仅仅是用来展览的。根据“它仅仅是用来展的”可知,答语是不同意试穿,先排除A、D两项;could表示委婉客气地请求,答语常用can或can’t故选C2.D对“MustI….?”句型的否定回答用“No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.”。故选D。3.A考查情态动词辨析。句意:------你周日可以来参加我的聚会吗?—对不起,我没空,我必须为数学考试而学习。故选A。4.Bmustn't禁止;needn’t没必要;maynot不可以;can't不可能。对“MustI….?”句型的否定回答用“No,youneedn’t”。故选B。5.C考查情态动词辨析。句意:那件红外套是谁的?—它不可能是约翰的,他的是黄色的。Mustn’t表示禁止;can能,会;must意为“一定,肯定”,表示肯定的推测,只能用于肯定句中;can’t意为“不可能”,表示否定的推测。由答语的后半句可知,那件红外套不可能是约翰的,故选C。6.C根据答语后一句“明天我们将有别的事情要做”可知,今天必须做完。7.C考查情态动词辨析。句意:关于这个,你不准告诉任何人——它是个秘密。因为是秘密,所以不准告诉任何人。can能够;must必须;mustn't不准。故选C。8.B考查情态动词辨析。句意:—妈妈,明天我可以参观科学博物馆吗?—恐怕你不能,星期一它歇业。用情态动词may引导一般疑问句,表示征求对方的许可。故选B。9.B句意:—许多人整天玩手机而不看书。—那太糟糕了。每个人都应当成为书的爱好者。读书会更令人快乐。may意为“可能”;should意为“应该”;would意为“愿意”。根据句意可知选B10.D句意:谁将给我们做关于公众礼仪的演讲?—可能是布朗先生,但是我不确定。由“我不确定”可知选D。II1.must2might/may3.should4.mustn't5.needn't;can6.can7.Needn’t8.may/might9.can't10must11.can't