搜索
1英语单词的各种变化规则一、名词复数变化：(一)规则变化情况构成方法例词读音一般情况在词尾加-sdesk→desksmap→maps-s在清辅音后发/s/day→daysgirl→girls-s在元音和浊辅音后发/z/以s，x，ch，sh结尾的词在词尾加-esbus→busesbox→boxeswatch→watchesfish→fishes-es发/iz/音以辅音字母加-y结尾的词变y为i再加-esfamily→familiesfactory→factoriesparty→patries-ies发/iz/音以元音字母加-y结尾的词在词尾加-sday→daysboy→boyskey→keys-s发/z/音以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再加-esknife→kniveslife→liveswife→wiveshalf→halves-ves发/vz/音以辅音字母加-o结尾的词在词尾加-espotato→potatoestomato→tomatoeshero→heroes-es发/z/音以元音字母加-o结尾的词在词尾加-sradio→radioszoo→zoos-s发/z/音注：以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加–s读/iz/license-licenses巧记以f\fe结尾的可数名词复数1)妻子骑牛拿起刀，wife，calf，knife↑2)追得贼狼满街跑，thief，wolf→→→变f或fe为v，再加es3)碰倒架子丧己命，shelf,self，life↓24)手帕树叶半空飘。handkerchief,leaf,half↓（二）名词复数的不规则变化：1．child→children（儿童）man→men（男人）woman→women（女人）anEnglishman→twoEnglishmen（英国人）foot→feet（脚）tooth→teeth（牙）mouse→mice（老鼠）ox→oxen（公牛）goose→geese（鹅）2．单复同形deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese，Swiss，species，means除人民币，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers3．集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。peoplepolicecattle是复数（Correctness：aperson，apoliceman，aheadofcattle,theEnglish，theBritish，theFrench，theChinese，theJapanese，theSwiss）（Error：apeople，apolice，acattle）表示国民总称时，作复数用。（TheChineseareindustriousandbrave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。）4．以s结尾，仍为单数的名词1)maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。2)news是不可数名词。5.表示由两部分构成的东西，glasses（眼镜）trousers（长裤）clothes（衣服）若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）apairofglasses,twopairsoftrousers\suit（套）6．另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思goods（货物）waters（水域）fishes（各种鱼）练习：写出下列各词的复数I_________him_________this___________her______watch_______child_______photo________diary______day________foot________book_______dress________tooth_______sheep______box________strawberry_____thief_______fish______peach______sandwich______man______woman_______paper_______juice___________water________milk________rice__________tea__________二、序数词变化规则（一）一般化规则：基数词+th→序数词（规则变化）3four(四）→fourth(第四）six(六)→sixth(第六）seven(七）→seventh（第七）ten(十）→tenth（第十）eleven(十一）eleventh→（第十一）（二）**不规则变化的one(一）→first(第一）twenty-one→twenty-firsttwo(二）→second(第二）three(三）→third(第三)five（五）→fifth（第五）eight（八）→eighth(第八）fifty-eight→fifty-eighthnine(九）→ninth（第九）twelve(十二）→twelfth(第十二）（三）从13—19的基数词，都在个位数后加teen构成14→fourteen15→fifteen16→sixteen17→seventeen18→eighteen19→nineteen（四）整十的序数词，变y为ie再加th20twenty→twentieth第二十30thirty→thirtieth第三十40forty→fortieth第十四50fifty→fiftieth第五十60sixty→sixtieth第六十70seventy→seventieth第七十80eight→eightieth第八十90ninety→ninetieth第九十（五）分数的表达：分子用：基数词分母用：序数词特别要注意：当分子大于1时，分母要用：复数1/2onesecond;ahalf;1/4aquarter;3/4threequarters7/8seveneighths3/5threefifths（六）加减乘除表达adecimalnumber小数afraction分数apercentage百分数aoddnumber奇数anevennumber偶数degrees度数1)加:and;plus;addto2+4=6Twoandfouris/equalssix.4或Twoplusfouris/equalssix.或Twoaddedtofourequalssix.2)减：minus;subtractfrom8-3=5Eightminusthreeis/equalsfive.或Threesubtractedfromeightisfive.3)乘：multiply...by;multipliedby/times3×5=15Multiplythreebyfiveis/equalsfifteen.或Threemultipliedbyfiveis/equalsfifteen.4)除：divideby.../divide...by...24÷8=3Twenty-fourdividedbyeightis/equalsthree.或Divide24by8is/equalsthree.三．形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则：1.一般在词尾加er/est；2.以字母e结尾，加r/st；3.以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er/st；原级比较级最高级slimslimmerslimmestbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnestwetwetterwettestredredderreddestsadsaddersaddest4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er/st5.多音节词.和部分双音节词，在单词前面加more或mostimportantmoreimportantmostimportantdifficultmoredifficultmostdifficultinterestingmoreinterestingmostinterestingusefulmoreusefulmostusefulbeautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful6．不规则形容词比较级：原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder/elderoldest/eldestredredderreddest5farfurther/fartherfurthest/farthest写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级old__________young________tall_______long________short________strong________big________small_______fat_________thin__________heavy______light________nice________good_________beautiful____________________high_________slow_______fast________low______late__________early_________far_________well_______四．动词第三人称单数变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2．以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink________go_________stay________make________look_________have_______pass_______carry________come________watch______plant_______fly__________study_______brush________do_________teach________五．动词现在分词加ing的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3.以ie结尾的动词，把ie变为y再加ing。如：lie-lying平躺/说谎tie-tying系，捆（鞋带，领带）die-dying死4．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，这类动词有：Begin----beginning开始cut----cutting剪、切dig----digging挖get----getting获得、得到、取hit----hitting击、打、撞let----letting让put----putting放run----running跑set----setting设置、套shut----shutting关闭、闭sit----sitting坐babysit-----babysitting临时受顾照看婴儿、照看小孩6spit----spitting吐痰、吐split----splitting劈、分裂skip-----skipping跳绳swim----swimming游、游泳win----winning赢、获胜shop----shopping购物、逛商店prefer----preferring更喜欢….Step----stepping踩、踏Refer----referring参考、查阅Dip----dipping浸、泡、醮、舀（取）、吸出、掏Mop----mopping用拖把拖、洗、擦、抹、（另：猫扑）Nod----nodding点头Fret----fretting（使）烦恼（烦恼）、（使