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语态｛主动语态被动语态语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleaned(byus)yesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。被动语态巧学妙记谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做没必要。动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。1.MrWhite,thecupwithmixturewasbrokenafterclass.2.Theserecordsweremadebyhim.3.Youareexpectedtofinishitintime.背诵2一，谓语动词被动语态的基本用法A.一般现在时态：am/is/are+doneB.一般过去时态：was/were+doneC.一般将来时态：will/shallbe+doneD.进行时态：bebeing+doneE.完成时态：have/has/hadbeen+doneF.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+done二、非谓语动词被动语态的形式A.现在分词一般式doingbeingdoneB、现在分词完成时havingdone→havingbeendoneC.动词不定式一般式todo→tobedoneD.动词不定式完成时tohavedone→tohavebeendone→被动语态Ireadthebookeveryday.→Thebookisread(byme)everyday.被动语态dobedone被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，句子就是什么时态，be后面的过去分词不变。vt.vt.do/doesam/is/aredonedidwas/weredonewill/shalldowill/shallbedonewoulddowouldbedoneam/is/aredoingam/is/arebeingdonewas/weredoingwas/werebeingdonehave/hasdonehave/hasbeendonehaddonehadbeendone时态被动语态的构成例句一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时RiceisgrowninSouthChina.Theglasswasbrokenyesterday.Thecarswillbesentabroadbysea.Hesaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedsoon.Theprojectisbeingcarriedout.Thisroadwasbeingbuiltthistimelastyear.am/is/aredonewas/weredonewillbedonewouldbedoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone时态被动语态的构成例句现在完成时过去完成时含情态动词ThisnovelhasbeentranslatedintoEnglish.WhenIgotthere,thetickethadbeensoldout.Theproblemcanbepreventedfromgettingworse.has/havebeendonehadbeendone情态动词+bedone注意：(1)只有及物动词才有被动语态。但有些及物动词或及物动词短语，如cost,have,own,lack,agreewith,sufferfrom,belongto等也没有被动语态。(2)带有介词的短语动词的被动语态，不要漏掉介词。e.g.Thechildrenwillbelookedafterwellhere.主动语态变被动语态的方法1)Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.主谓宾宾补→Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.2)Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.→Aspecialclasswassetupintheschooltohelppoorreaders.口诀1：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动。主动语态变被动语态的方法3)含有双宾语的主动句变被动句Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.→Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.→Apresentwasgiventomeonmybirthday.口诀2：如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加to(pass,lend,write,bring,show,tell,hand,read,return…)或for(buy,cook,choose,book,order,fix,pick,make,prepare...)主动语态变被动语态的方法4).Hemademedothework.Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.口诀3：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（feel,listento,hear,lethave,make,lookat,see,watch…)e.g.Weheardhersingthesong.→She____________thesong(byus).Iwatchedmyclassmatesplayingbasketball.→Myclassmates____________________(byme).Hegothishomeworkfinishedontime.→Hishomework______________ontime(byhim).washeard_tosingwerewatched_playing_wasgot_finished_在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，如：据说……Itissaidthat…据报导……Itisreportedthat…据推测……Itissupposedthat…希望……Itishopedthat…众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…普遍认为……Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…有人建议……Itissuggestedthat…以下情况常用主动形式表示被动含义：①系动词feel,look,seem,appear,taste,sound,smell,prove,remain等用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是事物。e.g.Icefeelscold.Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.②表示开始、结束、运动的词如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，shut等。e.g.Classbegins！以下情况常用主动形式表示被动含义：③表示主语的某种属性的词：read,write,act,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,look,shut等。e.g.Thebookssellwell.Thedoorwon’tlock.Thepenwritessmoothly.Thiscoatdrieseasily.④表示“需要”的need,want,require以及beworth后的动词-ing形式，用主动形式表示被动含义。e.g.Theshoesneedwashing.Thebookisworthreading.Practice1.It’sunfair.Heshouldnot____________(treat)inthisway.2.Awatchwasgiven_______himasaChristmaspresent.3.Thebabyisbeinglooked_______carefully.4.Heoftenmakeshissister_________(cry),buttodayhewasmade_______(cry)byhissister.5.Thisroom_________(belong)tome.6.ThemusicIlistenedjustnow_________(sound)sweet.betreatedtoaftercrytocrybelongssounded7.Thebook____________(sell)well.8.Thispen_________(write)badly.9.--What’sthenoise?--Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine_____________(test).10.IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey___________________(teach)manytimesontheradio.11.Nodecision______________(make)aboutanyfutureappointmentuntilalltheleadershavebeeninterviewed.12.–Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou__________(offer)thisjob?--Well,I’mthinkingaboutwhetheryoucanpaymore.sellswritesisbeingtestedhavebeentaughtwillbemadeareofferedWelcometoourschool.I’dliketointroducetoyouplansforourschool.Alotofwork________________(do)inthepastfewyears.Thelibrary____________________(complete)andisreadyforuse.Butwestillhavetodomorework.Anewbiologylab_______________(build)atpresent.Butwedon’thaveenoughmoneyfortheequipment.Nowstudentsinallgrades___________________(collect)money.Besides,plans____________________(make)forapartytocollectmoney,which_____________(spend)onnewequipment.Thegardensoftheschool_________________(improve)lastyear.Newtrees______________________(plant),whichnowgivemuchshade.Thewholeschool_________________(paint)inthecomingsummerholidays.Infact,weallhopetheschool_________(be)morebeautiful,inwhichwecanworkandstudyhappily.hasbeendonehasbeencompletedisbeingbuiltarecollectingarebeingmadewillbespentwereimprovedhavebeenplantedwillbepaintedwillbeConclusion1.被动语态的用法。2.主动语态和被动语态的转换。3.主动表被动的几种情况1.她常被她的同班同学看到和杰克在一起。（一般现在时）2.那座美丽的桥是由中国人建造的。（一般过去时）3.如果那条狗再来，它就会被打。（一般将来时）4.她说集会将在公园举行。（过去将来时）5.教室正在被清扫，所以现在我们不能进去。（现在进行时）6.我到达时他正在受一位警察的询问。（过去进行时）7.我的自行车被偷了。（现在完成时）8.昨天下午五时以前所有的票都售完了。（过去完成时）9.作业必须今天完成。（含情态动词