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TextAfterreadinganarticleentitled'CigaretteSmokingandYourHealth'Ilitacigarattetocalmmynerves.tocalmmynerves来镇定我紧张的神经（todo不定式做目的状语），我点燃香烟目的是镇定我紧张的神经litv点燃（light的过去式及过去分词）light1v点火，着火egHelitacigatette.他点着香烟。egHelitupacigarette.他点着香烟。2v（使）供给光线，照亮egWelitacandleandthecandlelittheroom.我们点燃蜡烛，蜡烛照亮了房间。3v（使）容光焕发egSuddenlyasmilelit(upherface.突然微笑是她的脸亮了起来。light的过去分词及过去式有2种，light---lit---lit;light---lighted---lighted,区别在于：**lit通常做谓语动词egThematchislit.火柴被点燃了。**lighted通常做定语，当做形容词来使用时放在名词之前。alightedmatch被点燃过的火柴4n光sunlight阳光firelight火光5n引火物egCanyougivemealight,please?能借个火吗？6n光线egIcan`treadwhileyouarestandinginmylight.你挡住我的光线了，我没法看书。cometolight/bringtolight（渐）为人所知之状态inthelightof从…观点看accordingtoone`slights按照个人之见识throwlighton/shedlighton使明白，解释7adj轻的aslightasair毫无重量（轻的像空气）aslightasafeather轻如鸿毛（想羽毛一样轻）8adj少量的，教往常或预期少的alightcropofwheat小麦的收成不佳9adj(指睡眠浅睡的，睡不沉的，反义词（soundalightsleeper浅睡的人10adj(动作或做动作的人轻快的，灵活的alightdancer轻快的舞者besurethat(从句对某事确信as因为egShestayedathomeasshehadnocar.因为没有车她呆在家里。egHesawher,astheywerebothgettingoffthebusatthesametime.因为他们同时下的公交车，所以他看见她了。cigaretten香烟，纸烟cigarn雪茄cigarettecase香烟盒cigaretteholder烟嘴cigarettelighter打火机Forawholeweek,Ididnotsmokeatallandduringthistime,mywifesufferedterribly.not…atall根本不duringthistime在此期间sufferv遭罪，吃尽苦头terribly1adv很糟糕（verybadlyegShesufferedterriblywhenhersinwaskilled.她儿子被杀她痛苦极了。2（口）非常，很notaterriblygoodfilm不特别好的电影egIamterriblysorry.我非常抱歉。giveupsmoking戒烟entitled'CigaretteSmokingandYourHealth'entitled是过去分词，整个过去分词短语作定语修饰anarticle意思是一篇健康与吸烟的文章IsmokedwithconcentrationandpleasureasIwassurethatthiswouldbemylastcigarette.Ihadalltheusualsymptomsofsomeonegivingupsmoking.独立主格：一名词或代词和另一成分构成的复合结构，称为独立结构，常用于描绘性文字中，使其更生动。egegegegHeputonhissockswrongsideout.他袜子穿反了。anenormousappetite旺盛的食欲keepondoingsth持续不断做（keep表示保持某种状态）egShekeptonstudying.她继续学习。（无间断的）egPleasekeepoffthegrass.=Donotwalkonit.请勿践踏草坪（keepoff远离）egHekeptawayfromtheparty.=Hedidnotcome.他没有来这个party(keepaway避开）egegHeransofast,Icouldnotkeepupwithhim.=Icouldnotremainbesidehim.(keepupwithsb跟上某人，赶上某人）egegegKeepyourshirt!=Don`tworry.keepcalm.别担心，放松。keepasecret保守秘密keephens养母鸡keepchickens养鸡keepcows养牛egegTheykeepashop.他们经营一家商店。egTheykeepasmallhotel.他们经营一家小旅馆。keepsbfromdoingsth阻止（某人）做某事keepintouch保持联系offerv给予（后面加双宾语）offersbsth给予某人某物TheymadenoefforttohidetheiramusementwheneverIproducedapacketofsweetsfrommypocket.makenoefforttodosth根本不作努力makeaneffort努力eghide1v隐藏，藏egYouarehidingsomeimportantfacts.你隐瞒了一些重要的事实。egDon`thideyourfeelings;saywhatyouthink.不要隐瞒你的感情，说出你的想法。2v躲藏egIwillhidebehindthedoor.我将藏身于门后。coverv遮盖，隐蔽egsweetn糖果candy（美）糖果puddingn补丁（一种甜点心）dessertn餐后的甜点mysweet=honey,baby称呼心上人的用语AftetsevendaysofthisIwenttoaparty.EverybodyaroundmewassmokingandIfeltextremelyuncomfortable.extremalyuncomfortable非常不自在extremalyad极度地，极端地，非常地Heenteredtheroom,hisniseredwithcold.他进入房间，鼻子冻得通红。（主干是heenteredtheroom,独立结构是hisnoseredwithcoldJohnbeingaway,Henryhadtodothework.John走了，Henry不得不做这份工作。（后半句是个完整的句子，前半句是个独立的结构，John是逻辑主语，beingaway是逻辑谓语）Helayonhisback,hishandscrossedunderhishead.他平躺着，头枕着双手。（句子主干是helayonhisback,他平躺着，那么怎样平躺着呢？双手交叉在头下；独立结构中，hishands作为逻辑主语，crossed作为逻辑谓语）someonegivingupsmoking是个独立主格结构，做of的宾语；其中someone是逻辑主语，givingupsmoking是逻辑谓语。Undermyessay,theteacherwrote:Goodwork!Keepitup!(keepsthup=continuemakinganeffort坚持做某事，继续努力）Abigboticeonthedoorsaid,'keepout!'(keepput=donotcomein切勿入内）门上贴了个醒目的告示，切勿入内！Thecatwaskeptinduringthefireworks.=Itwasmadetostayindoors.放烟火时猫被关在屋子里（bekeepin关在某处）Ihadalltheusualsymptomsofsomeonegivingupsmoking:abadtempleandanenormousappetite.Myfriendskeptonofferingmecigaretteandcigars.Heneedsmoremoneytokeephiswifeandchildren.他需要更多的钱去照顾妻子和孩子（keep=takecareof照顾，照料Theprisonermadeanefforttoeasape,buthecouldn`tclimbtheprisonwall.这个囚犯努力想逃跑，但是他没能爬过监狱的墙。Thenoisewassoloudthatshecoveredherearswithherhands.噪音太大了，以至于他用手遮住耳朵。（so…that太…以至于…extremelyhot非常地热extremelyangry极度地生气extremelyheavy格外地沉extremelysorry极度地抱歉WhenmyoldfriendBrianurgedmetoacceptacigarette,itwasmorethanIcouldbear.urgesbtodosth劝说某人做某事itwasmorethanIcouldbear.=Icouldnotbearitanymore.我再也忍不住了。morethan万分，非常，无以名状egWeweremorethanhappytohearofyourescape!我们听到你逃了出来高兴的无以名状！more…than与其说…不如说…egHeismoremadthanstupid.与其说他很笨，不如说他疯了。nomore…than与…一样，同样不（双重否定）egHe`snomorefittobeaministerthanaschoolboywouldbe.一个学童固然不宜当部长，他同样不宜。guiltilyadv内疚地bedelightedthat（从句）被（某事）感到高兴returnto恢复，返回returntoLondon返回伦敦returnfromwork下班回来returnsth归还（某物）egDon`tforgettoreturnmykeys.别忘了还我钥匙。returnn回程returnjourney回程thereturnofthebooks归还的书thereturnofspring春回大地oncemore=onceagain又一次，再一次Anyway,asBrianpointedout,itistheeasiestthingintheworldtogiveupsmoking.as正像，正如anyway=anyhow无论如何egpointout指出,把注意力引向egHepointedherouttome.他把她的注意力引向我。egpointofview观点pointed1adj尖的longpointedfingernails长长的，尖尖的手指甲2adj直截了当的，不客气的eggiveupdoing放弃做某事giveupfishing放弃钓鱼giveupfighting放弃斗争Hehimselfhasdoneitlotsoftimes.hehimself他自己havedoneit=hasgivenupsmoking关于keep的短语1Ithinkhekeptthemeetingonpurpose.我想他是故意避开这个会议的。2Keepthefloor.Ihavejustfinishedscrubbingit.我刚刚擦完地板，所以请不要踩它。3Hehasjustbegunadiary.Iwonderhowlonghewillkeepit.他刚刚开始记日记，我怀疑他能坚持多久。4Hekeptmakingthesamemistake.他不断的犯相同的错误。5WekeepTimoftheroomb