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非谓语动词定义非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。他们有着动词的特点，可以充当主语、宾语、状语、定语、宾补等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。Doing一.动名词：动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。动名词的形式：（1）一般式：Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。（2）被动式：Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。（3）完成式：Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.我们记得看过这部电影。（4）完成被动式：HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。（5）否定式：not+动名词Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.我后悔没听他的劝告。（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词Hesuggestedourtryingitonceagain.他建议我们再试一次。HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。动名词的句法功能：（1）作主语：Readingaloudisveryhelpful.朗读是很有好处的。Collectingstampsisinteresting.集邮很有趣。当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。It'snousequarrelling.争吵是没用的。（2）作表语：Intheantcity,thequeen'sjobislayingeggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。一般式（谓语动词同时发生）doingbeingdone完成式（谓语动词发生之前）havingdonehavingbeendone（3）作宾语：Theyhaven'tfinishedbuildingthedam.他们还没有建好大坝。Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语(如nouse,nogood,useless,worthwhile…)，则常用形式宾语it，例如：Wefounditnogoodmakingfunofothers.我们发现取笑他人不好。常用句型：Sbbelieve/think/consider/make/findit+宾补+doingSth只跟动名词作宾语的动词：enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit，deny,mind,permit,forbid,practice,risk,appreciate,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can'tstand,can'thelp,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…（from）,protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike（4）作定语：Hecan'twalkwithoutawalking-stick.他没有拐杖不能走路。Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool?你们学校有游泳池吗？（5）作同位语：Thecave,hishiding-placeissecret.那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。Hishabit,listeningtothenewsontheradioremainsunchanged．他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。二.现在分词现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。现在分词的形式：同动名词（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：Theywenttothepark,singingandtalking.他们边唱边说向公园走去。Havingdonehishomework,heplayedbasketball.做完作业，他开始打篮球。（2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.正在被讨论的问题很重要。Havingbeentoldmanytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。现在分词的句法功能：（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：inthefollowingyears也可用intheyearsthatfollowed;themanspeakingtotheteacher可改为themanwhoisspeakingtotheteacher.（2）作表语：Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.正在这家上演的电影很棒。Thepresentsituationisinspiring.当前的形势鼓舞人心。be+doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be+doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。（3）作宾语补足语：跟现在分词作宾语补足语的动词：see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listento,lookat,leave,catch等。例如：Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.他让小汽车在门口等着。（4）作状语：①作时间状语：(While)Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。②作原因状语：BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。③作方式状语，表示伴随：Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.他呆在家里，又擦又洗。④作条件状语：(If)Playingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。⑤作结果状语：Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。⑥作让步状语：（Though）rainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。⑦与逻辑主语构成独立主格：Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhead．我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用with(without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他点着灯睡着了。⑧作独立成分：Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.从外表看，他一定是个演员。Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecareful.一般说来，女孩子更细心。专项练习：1.Ilookedupandnoticedasnake______itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.A.towindB.windC.windingD.wind2.________inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad.A.StandingB.TostandC.StoodD.Stand3.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand______them.A.correctsB.correctC.tocorrectD.correcting4.Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithout______..A.recognizingB.beingrecognizedC.havingrecognizedD.havingbeenrecognized5.Tonylentmethemoney,______thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.A.hopingB.tohopeC.hopedD.havinghoped6.Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,_________thebreakfastuntouched.A.leftB.toleaveC.leavingD.havingleft7.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather_______.A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permit8._____basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.A.KnownB.HavingknownC.KnowingD.Beingknown9.Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelf_____inonecorner.A.standingB.tostandC.standsD.stood10.________atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn’twanttoeatthereagain.A.HavingeatenB.ToeatC.EatD.Eating11.Thisistheonlywaywecanimaginetheoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms.A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduce12.Inordernottobedisturbed,Ispentthreehours_____inmystudy.A.lockingB.tolockC.lockedD.beinglocked13.______toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.A.HavingbeenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked14.—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?—Oh,excellent．It'sworth____asecondtime．A．toreadB．tobereadC．readingD．beingread15.OnS