高一英语五种基本句型课件

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2019/10/61一.高中英语五种基本句型及巩固练习课件2019/10/62英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。•英语五种基本句型列式如下:•基本句型一:S+V(主+谓)•基本句型二:S+V+P(主+系+表)•基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)•基本句型四:S+V+IO+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)•基本句型五:S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)演绎语法:2019/10/63五种基本句型与Therebe..(1)主+谓Theyareworkinghard.(2)主+谓+宾Iforgottomailtheletteryesterday.(3)主+谓+宾+宾Hegavemeanewbicycle.(4)主+系+表Heisauniversitystudent.(5)主+谓+宾+宾补KarlMarxmadeLondonthebaseforhisrevolutionarywork.(6)Therebe+主语Thereisaholeinthewall.2019/10/64各种词类及其在句子中的作用:1.Nouns(n.)名词:-----主语(S),宾语(O),表语(P)等2.Verbs(v.)动词----谓语(V)(vt.及物动词/vi.不及物动词)3.Pronouns(pron.)代词:----主语,宾语,表语等e.g.Katehasapiano.Shelikesitverymuch.____S___V_______O___S___V__O2019/10/654.Adjectives(adj.)形容词:----定语(At.)表语(P)e.g.Theovercoatisverybeautiful.Thisisaverybeautifulovercoat.5.Adverbs(adv.)副词:------状语(Ad.)6.Numerals(num.)数词:------定语,表语,主语等e.g.25(desks)______(be)enough.7.Articles(art.)冠词:一般不单独构成句子成分(At.)(P)is2019/10/668.Prepositions(prep.)介词(in,at,on,…)prep.+n.介词短语-----状语(Ad.),表语等e.g.Wecanseethebikeunderthetree.9.Conjunctions(conj.)连词(and,or,but,so…)一般不构成成分,仅起连接作用10.Interjections(interj.)感叹词(ah,oh,yeah…)一般不构成成分,起加强语气作用2019/10/67英语基本句型-------1主谓结构2019/10/68基本句型1--主谓结构此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。2019/10/691主谓结构本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如:Thesunrises.Tomhasalreadyleft.主语可有修饰语-定语,谓语可有修饰语-状语。如:1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Sotheyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Wegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.4.Shesattherealone,readinganovel.5.Hecamebackwhenwewereeating.6.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake,butstrongonesmaystayup.2019/10/610SV(不及物动词)1.Time2.Themoon3.She4.They5.He6.I7.They8.He9.He10.Theyflies.rose.singsbeautifully.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterdaywoke.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterday.isplaying.havegone.2019/10/611练习11鸟在飞翔。2她的宝宝在哭。3太阳正在落山。4谁也没笑。Birdsareflying.Herbabyiscrying.Thesunissetting.Noonelaughed.2019/10/612练习25你唱得很美。6我咳了一夜。7我们很少在外边吃饭。8昨天发生了事故。Yousingbeautifully.Icoughedallnight.Weseldomdineout.Theaccidentoccurredyesterday.2019/10/613主语可有修饰语-定语,谓语可有修饰语-状语。如:1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Sotheyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Wegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.4.Shesattherealone,readinganovel.5.Hecamebackwhenwewereeating.2019/10/614(主语+不及物动词)扩展和修饰Theboyspoketohisteacher.Thelittleboyspokeloudlytohisteacher.TheboynamedTomspoketohismathteacherinalowvoice.ThelittleboycalledTomspoketohisChineseteacher.2019/10/615yesterdayevening.twohours.inthepasttenyears.in1919.1.她昨天回家很晚。2.会议将持续两个小时。3.在过去的十年里,(在)我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。4.1919年,(在)北京爆发了“五.四”运动。ShewenthomeverylateThemeetingwilllastGreatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometownTheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijing巩固练习:2019/10/616inthemorning.toborrowbooks.tothesouth.fiveyearsago.fivekilos.everyday.5.每天八时开始上课。6.这个盒子重五公斤。7.五年前我住在北京。8.秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。9.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。ClassesbeginateightThisboxweighsIlivedinBeijingsomebirdsflyInautumn,MygrandfathergetsupearlyalotofstudentscomeEveryafternoontothelibrary2019/10/61711.会议有可能开两个半小时.12.我所就读的学校坐落在那个美丽的湖边.13.她盼望已久的机会终于到来了.14.正在睡觉的婴儿笑了.Themeetingwilllasttwoandahalfhours.TheschoollieswhereIstudybythebeautifullake.Thechancecamewhichshewantedtogetforalongtimeatlast.Thebabysmiles.sleeping2019/10/618英语基本句型-----2主系表结构2019/10/619基本句型2S+V+P(主+系+表)此句型的句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。2019/10/620英语基本句型-2主系表结构本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成,主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身份等。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;2019/10/621OurEnglishteacheristhirtyyearsold.Thecaketastesdelicious.Wefeelusedtolivinginbigcities.Thepotatoeswentbadinthefields.Theirbossseemssatisfiedwiththework.Deepwaterstaysstill.2019/10/622练习11今天我感觉不太舒服。2他看上去很累。3你的汤味道很好。4她似乎对计划不感兴趣。Idon’tfeelverywelltoday.Helooksverytired.Yoursouptastesverygood.Shedoesn’tseemveryinterestedintheplan.2019/10/6235天越来越冷了。6孩子不久就睡着了。7他长得相当高了。8听到这消息她脸色变得苍白。It’sgettingcold.Soonthechildfellasleep.Shewentpaleatthenews.Hehasgrownquitetall.2019/10/624(主语+连系动词+表语)扩展和修饰Thesouptastesgood.Tooursurprise,Thesouptastesgood.Thesouptastesgood,whichisbeyondourexpectation.Franklyspeaking,Thesouptastesgood.Tobehonest,Thesouptastessogoodastosurpriseeveryone.2019/10/625巩固练习:1.冬季白天短,夜晚长。2.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。3.孩子们很少保持安静。4.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.Attheageoffifteen,hebecameafamouspianist.Childrenseldomkeepquiet.Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.2019/10/6265.他失业了。6.树叶已经变黄了7.这个报告听起来很有意思Heisoutofwork.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.Thereportsoundsinteresting2019/10/6271.AsinChina,theweatherisdifferentfromareatoarea.主系表句型的几个特例:2.Wearegreatlysurprisedtomeethimthere.3.Itisnotagoodideatospendyourvacationwithstrangers.4.Itiskindofyoutosayso.5.Itisnoteasyforthemtogotherebybike.6.IsitTomwhoisplayingthepiano?7.Itisafactthattheycan’tpasstheexam.2019/10/628英语基本句型----3主谓宾结构2019/10/629基本句型3S+V+O(主+谓+宾)此句型句子的共同特点是谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。2019/10/630英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+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