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PEC土木工程英语证书考试-地基基础常用词汇aunder-reamedcast-in-situpile扩底灌注桩aweakunderlyingstratum软弱下卧层activeearthpressure主动土压力adjacentexcavation相邻基坑adjacentpile相邻桩allowabledifferentialsettlements容许差异沉降allowablesubsoildeformation地基变形允许值allowablevalue允许值anchordepth锚固深度anchorforce锚固力anchorpile锚桩anchorplate锚垫板anchorrod锚杆anchoredretainingwall锚杆挡墙angleofinclination/inclination倾角angleofinternalfrictionofthesoil土的内摩擦角angulargravel角砾arcslidingsurfacemethod圆弧滑动面法averageadditionalpressure平均附加压力averagepressure平均压力basefailure地基破坏baseplateofmatfoundation筏基底板beamsonelasticfoundation弹性地基梁blockstone块石boredpile钻孔桩boring钻孔boulders漂石boxfoundation箱型基础bracedexcavation支撑开挖brickfoundation砖基础brokenstone/crushedstone碎石cantileversheetpilewall悬臂式板桩墙casing套管casingfilledwithconcrete套管内灌混凝土cast-in-situconcretepilefoundation混凝土灌注桩基础centerpile中心桩changingofgroundwaterlevel地下水位变化characteristicvalue特征值checkoncompression抗压验算checkonshearstrength抗剪验算clay粘土clearancespace净空coarsesand粗纱cobble卵石coefficientofadditionalstress附加应力系数coefficientofcompressibility压缩系数coefficientofconsolidation固结系数coefficientofpermeability渗透系数cohesionforce粘聚力cohesivesoil粘性土combinedfoundation联合基础compactionpiles压实桩compensatedfoundation补偿基础compositesubgrade/compositefoundation复合地基concreteagainstinfiltration抗渗混凝土concretefoundation混凝土基础conefoundation锥形基础conepenetrationtest(CPT)圆锥灌入试验connectionbeam联系梁consolidation固结consolidationcurve固结曲线consolidationtest固结试验consolidationtheory固结理论constanthead常水头contentsofgrains颗粒含量cornerpile角桩cornerpointmethod角点法correctionfactorfordepth深度修正系数counter-fortwalls扶壁式挡土墙cushioncourse垫层deepbasement深层地下室deepexcavation深开挖deep-mixingpile深层搅拌桩deformationcompatibility变形协调degreeofsaturation饱和度depthofexcavation开挖深度designofwallagainstsliding挡土墙抗滑设计diaphragmwalls地下连续墙differenceinsettlements沉降差directsheartest直剪试验drainagelayer排水层drainageoffooting基础排水drainageofwall挡墙的排水drivencast-in-placepile沉管灌注桩drivenpile打入桩driving打桩drivingshoe桩头/桩靴drophammer落锤drydensity干密度dryunitweight干容重dynamicpilecapacity桩的动承载力earthworks土方工程eccentricload偏心荷载eccentricallyloadedfoundation偏心受荷基础effectivegravitationaldensity浮重度embedmentdepth埋深endbearingpiles端承桩endresistanceofapile桩端承载力excavation开挖基坑excavationsupportstructure基坑维护结构excessporewaterpressure超空隙水压力externalgroundlevel室外地面标高fieldvanetest现场十字板试验filledandleveledarea填方整平地区filledgroundlevel填土面标高filledsoil人工填土finalsettlement最终沉降量finesand细纱flangeofvaryingthickness变厚度翼缘floatingfoundation浮筏基础foundation基础foundationbase基础底面foundationtop基础顶面foundationtypes基础类型fraction粒组含量frictionpiles/floatingpiles摩擦桩generalshearfailure整体剪切破坏geologicalconditions地质条件gravitationaldensity/gravitydensity重度、重力密度gravityretainingwalls重力式挡土墙groundanchor土锚/地锚groundbeams地梁groundsurface室外地面groundtreatment地基处理highsocketfoundation高杯口基础high-risepilecap高桩承台H-pileH型桩hydraulicgradient水力梯度inclinedanchor斜锚杆inclinedwall倾斜式挡土墙initialgroundwaterlevel初始地下水位insertiondepth插入深度in-situstaticloadingtestofasinglepile单桩静载荷试验internalgroundlevel室内地面标高jacked-downpiles静压桩laboratoryvanetest室内十字板试验largediameterpile大直径桩largedisplacementpile大量挤土桩large-areastorageloading大面积堆载lateralearthpressure侧向土压力lateralearthpressureatrest侧向静止土压力laterite/redclay红粘土layeredsoil成层土liftingofpiles桩上拔limeconcretefoundation三合土基础lime-soilfoundation灰土基础liquidlimit液限liquidityindex液性指数loadedpile受荷桩localshearfailure局部剪切破坏lowpilecap低桩承台mainload-bearinglayer主要受力层matslab筏板mediumsand中砂methodofbeamsandslabsonelasticfoundation弹性地基梁板法modulusofcompressibility/constrainedmodulus压缩模量Mohr'sstresscircle摩尔应力圆moisturecontentofsoil土的含水量muck淤泥muckysoil淤泥质土multi-layersummationmethod分层总和法naturalsubsoil天然地基negativeskinfriction负摩阻力netpressure净压力netwaterpressure净水压力non-displacementpile非挤土桩non-reinforcedspreadfoundation无筋扩展基础non-uniformsoils不均匀地基normallyconsolidated正常固结offshorefoundation海岸基础optimumwatercontent最佳含水量orderofdriving打桩顺序overburdenpressure超载压力over-consolidated超固结overturningofretainingwall挡土墙的倾覆padfoundationbeneathcolumns柱下独立基础partialtilting局部倾斜particleshape颗粒形状particlesize粒径passiveearthpressure被动土压力penetrationdepth灌入深度penetration-resistantgrade抗渗等级perlinermeter每延米pilecap承台piledefect桩的缺陷pilefailure桩破坏pilefailuremode桩的破坏模式pilefoundation桩基础pilegroup群桩pilepoint桩尖pileshaft桩身pileshaftstrength桩身强度pilespace桩距piletype桩型plasticlimit塑限plasticityindex塑性指数plateloadtest平板载荷试验porepressure空隙压力porewaterpressure空隙水压力porosity空隙率pre-castconcretepilefoundation混凝土预制桩基础preloadedfoundationsoils预压地基primaryconsolidation主固结primarysettlement初始沉降pulloutresistanceoffootingatdepth深基础的抗拔力pulloutresistanceofshallowfooting浅基础的抗拔力punching冲切punchingfailure冲切破坏punchingfailurecone冲切破坏锥体rackedpiles/rakerpiles/batterpiles斜桩raftfoundation/matfoundation筏基redrivingofpiles桩复打reinforcedearth加劲土reinforcedearthwall加劲土墙retainingwalls挡土墙retrainingstructure支挡结构rigidfoundation刚性基础risenpile上抬的桩rock岩石rockanchor岩锚rockdiscontinuitystructureplan岩体结构面rock-inlaidcast-in-situpile嵌岩灌注桩roundedgravel圆砾rubbleconcretefoundation毛石混凝土基础rubblefoundation毛石基础sampledisturbance土样扰动screwpiles螺旋桩secondaryconsolidation次固结settlement沉降，沉降量settlementobservation沉降观测settlementrate沉降速率shallowfoundation浅基础shearkeyinslidingwall抗滑墙上的剪力键side