2019/10/71第六章物料需求计划2019/10/726.1MRP定义与作用物料需求计划(MaterialRequirementPlanning,简称为MRP)是对主生产计划的各个项目所需的全部制造件和全部采购件的数量需求计划和时间进度计划。物料需求计划物料需求物料库存2019/10/73主生产计划粗能力计划MRPII逻辑流程图产品规划资源需求计划销售规划可行?可行?物料需求计划能力需求计划可行?采购作业车间作业成本会计业绩评价资源清单合同预测其它需求供应商信息销售与运作计划应收帐总帐应付帐库存信息物料清单工作中心工艺路线客户信息成本中心会计科目宏观微观经营规划123454个计划层次1个执行层次决策层计划层执行控制层2019/10/74MRP的基本思想围绕物料转化组织制造资源,实现按需要准时生产。按反工艺顺序确定需求数量和时间复杂的计算,计算机技术的发展促进了实现为什么要围绕物料转化组织生产围绕物料:按需生产围绕设备:以产定销拖期完工、提前完工不配套、过量生产2019/10/75实际制造周期库存时间附加库存时间计划制造周期实际制造周期计划制造周期外购配套零件库存时间预定完工期实际完工期B零件A零件2019/10/76MRP与订货点方法的区别盲目性高库存与低服务水平如需5种零件,当以95%的服务水平供给每种零件时,每种零件的库存水平会很高5种零件都不发生缺货的概率仅为(0.95)5=0.774形成“块状”需求周次12345678910情况12000200002000情况2200400000000情况32000000000402019/10/77块状需求2019/10/78要生产什么?(根据MPS);要用到什么?(根据物料清单);已经有了什么?(根据库存信息);还缺什么?何时订货?(MRP运算后提出的报告)。MRP要回答4个问题需求管理(合同和预测)MPSMRPBOM库存信息计划订单采购加工2019/10/796.2MRP的相关概念制造/采购标识码P:某物料是采购件M:某物料是制造件。损耗率组装废品系数:装配件在装配过程中的零件损耗。装配产品A时,估计有5%的玻璃管毁坏,因此在计算A所需的玻璃管的毛需求时,要增加组装时的损耗部分,如装配100件A的订单要有100*105%=105个玻璃管部件的需求2019/10/710零件废品系数:对于一定数量的订单,预计入库时,会有一定百分比的减少,零件废品系数是对订单数量而不是对毛需求的调整。产品A入库时的零件废品系数为2%,在组装时的组装废品系数为5%,针对该需求制定MRP时,首先考虑2%的零件废品系数,计算产品A的计划订单数,计划订单数量要比需要的多2%,如A需求为100时,订单应为102;然后根据计划订单数量再考虑组装A时的组装废品系数,在这种情况下,A项目的102的订单对玻璃管的毛需求量应为102*105%=108。材料利用率是有效产出与总输入的比率,即:材料利用率=有效产出/总投入某装配件的材料利用率是95%,那么为了要100件的产品就要投入生产(100/95%=105.3≈16)个产品的装配件2019/10/7116.3MRP的编制处理的问题需要信息1.生产什么?生产多少?何时完成?1.现实、有效、可信的MPS2.要用到什么?2.准确的BOM,实时的设计更改通知3.已有什么?已订货量?到货时间?已分配量?3.准确的库存信息,下达订单跟踪信息,配套的领料单、提货单4.还缺什么?4.批量规则、安全库存、成品率5.下达订单的开始日期?5.提前期2019/10/712MRP的编制过程(1)计算物料的毛需求量毛需求量=物料的独立需求量+父项产生的相关需求量(2)计算净需求量净需求量=毛需求量+安全库存量-计划接收量-可用库存量可用库存量=现有库存量-已分配量(3)计算计划完工量(N-1)×固定批量净需求N×批量固定(4)计算计划投入量(5)根据计划完工和计划投入,产生计划订单。2019/10/713开始准备MRP输入数据把MPS传送给MRP计算物料毛需求量计算物料净需求量净需求量0生成订单计划下达订单计划是否处理其他物料?结束NNYY2019/10/714CooperstownCars,Inc.•Producestoycars–Body–Axles(2)–Wheels(4)ToyCarWheelAssembly(2)BodyAxle(1)Wheels(2)BillofMaterialsforToyCar2019/10/715CooperstownCars,Inc.-EachcomponenthasaknownleadtimeToyCarLT=1WheelAssembly(2)LT=1BodyLT=2Axle(1)LT=2Wheels(2)LT=1BillofMaterialsforToyCar2019/10/716CooperstownCars,Inc.•Scheduleproductionfor:–Toycarassembly–Wheelassembly–Body–Axle–Wheels•DemandforToyCarinWeek8is1002019/10/717Time-PhasedProductStructure1weekToyCarTimeinWeeks456782019/10/718Time-PhasedProductStructure1week1weekToyCarWheelAssemblyBody2weeks45678TimeinWeeks2019/10/719Time-PhasedProductStructure1week1weekToyCarWheelAssemblyBodyAxlesWheels2weeks1week2weeks45678TimeinWeeks2019/10/72012345678ToyCarRequiredDate100OrderreleasedataWheelassemblyRequiredDateOrderreleasedataBodyRequiredDateOrderreleasedataAxleRequiredDateOrderreleasedataWheelsRequiredDataOrderreleasedataWeekGrossRequirementsPlan2019/10/72112345678ToyCarRequiredDate100Orderreleasedata100WheelassemblyRequiredDateOrderreleasedataBodyRequiredDateOrderreleasedataAxleRequiredDateOrderreleasedataWheelsRequiredDataOrderreleasedataWeekGrossRequirementsPlan2019/10/72212345678ToyCarRequiredDate100Orderreleasedata100WheelassemblyRequiredDate200OrderreleasedataBodyRequiredDateOrderreleasedataAxleRequiredDateOrderreleasedataWheelsRequiredDataOrderreleasedataWeekGrossRequirementsPlan2019/10/72312345678ToyCarRequiredDate100Orderreleasedata100WheelassemblyRequiredDate200Orderreleasedata200BodyRequiredDateOrderreleasedataAxleRequiredDateOrderreleasedataWheelsRequiredDataOrderreleasedataWeekGrossRequirementsPlan2019/10/72412345678ToyCarRequiredDate100Orderreleasedata100WheelassemblyRequiredDate200Orderreleasedata200BodyRequiredDate100OrderreleasedataAxleRequiredDateOrderreleasedataWheelsRequiredDataOrderreleasedataWeekGrossRequirementsPlan2019/10/72512345678ToyCarRequiredDate100Orderreleasedata100WheelassemblyRequiredDate200Orderreleasedata200BodyRequiredDate100Orderreleasedata100AxleRequiredDateOrderreleasedataWheelsRequiredDataOrderreleasedataWeekGrossRequirementsPlan2019/10/72612345678ToyCarRequiredDate100Orderreleasedata100WheelassemblyRequiredDate200Orderreleasedata200BodyRequiredDate100Orderreleasedata100AxleRequiredDate200Orderreleasedata200WheelsRequiredDataOrderreleasedataWeekGrossRequirementsPlan2019/10/72712345678ToyCarRequiredDate100Orderreleasedata100WheelassemblyRequiredDate200Orderreleasedata200BodyRequiredDate100Orderreleasedata100AxleRequiredDate200Orderreleasedata200WheelsRequiredData400Orderreleasedata400WeekGrossRequirementsPlan2019/10/72812345678ToyCarGrossrequirements100ScheduledreceiptsProjectedon-hand|202020202020202020PlannedorderreceiptsPlannedorderreleasesNetRequirementsPlanWeek2019/10/72912345678ToyCarGrossrequirements100ScheduledreceiptsProjectedon-hand|202020202020202020Plannedorderreceipts80PlannedorderreleasesNetRequirementsPlanWeek2019/10/73012345678ToyCarGrossrequirements100ScheduledreceiptsProjectedon-hand|202020202020202020Plannedorderreceipts80Plannedorderreleases80NetRequirementsPlanWeek2019/10/73112345678ToyCarGrossrequirements100ScheduledreceiptsProjectedon-hand|202020202020202020Plannedorderreceipts80Plannedorderreleases80WheelassemblyGrossrequirements160ScheduledreceiptsProjectedon-hand|10Planned