某铜冶炼厂车间环境空气污染特征研究及其防治对策

学校代码10406分类号R134密级学号G08430130001题目某铜冶炼厂车间环境空气污染特征研究及其防治对策作者田月学科、专业环境工程指导教师刘小真申请学位日期2011年12月学校代码：10406分类号：R134学号：G08430130001南昌航空大学硕士学位论文（学位研究生）某铜冶炼厂车间环境空气污染特征研究及其防治对策硕士研究生：田月导师：刘小真教授申请学位级别：硕士学科、专业：环境工程所在单位：环境与化学工程学院答辩日期：2011年12月授予学位单位：南昌航空大学ResearchofairpollutioncharacteristicsandcontrolmeasuresintheworkshopenvironmentofacoppersmelterplantADissertationSubmittedfortheDegreeofMasterOnEnvironmentalEngineeringByTianyueUndertheSupervisionofProf.LiaoXiaozhenCollegeofEnvironmentalandChemicalEngineeringNanchangHangkongUniversity,Nanchang,ChinaDec,2011I摘要铜冶炼过程中，车间环境主要存在烟尘（铜、铅、镉、砷等）、SO2、硫酸雾等空气污染物，这些污染物会通过呼吸、皮肤接触对作业人员的身体健康构成危害。基于某铜冶炼厂的工程分析，找出污染物危害的关键控制点；结合现场监测与实验室分析，探讨各工段车间环境空气中重金属污染、SO2、硫酸雾等污染的特征；同时，收集职业人群年龄、工龄、岗位等信息，采集作业人员血、尿等生物样品，分析血铅、血镉和尿砷等参数；采用SPSS16.0、Excel2003软件进行数据处理与统计分析；探讨车间空气污染物的来源，综合评价车间空气污染物的分布特征以及对作业人员身体健康的影响。结果表明：（1）由工程分析和现场调查得出，熔炼车间主要污染物为熔炼过程中产生的含重金属的烟尘、SO2；硫酸车间污染程度相对较高，主要污染物为烟气中的SO2和硫酸雾；电解车间及阳极泥处理车间酸性溶液贮槽露天布置形成了无组织酸雾面源；阳极泥处理车间主要污染源是重金属烟尘、SO2；亚砷酸生产是湿法过程，主要的污染物是砷及其化合物和硫酸雾。（2）车间环境空气污染以重金属、SO2为主。车间环境空气中的重金属污染主要集中在熔炼车间，其中铜的浓度范围是0.001~0.268mg/m3，铅的浓度范围是0.030~0.135mg/m3，镉的浓度范围是0.020~0.630mg/m3，砷的浓度范围是0.001~0.227mg/m3，浓度均值大于阳极泥处理车间；SO2污染分布比较广，熔炼车间的浓度范围是0.25~15.51mg/m3，高于车间外环境，也高于其他车间；电解车间砷化氢污染较为严重，浓度范围是0.030~0.214mg/m3；电解车间硫酸雾浓度范围是0.13~0.98mg/m3，均值高于其它车间。（3）铅污染对作业人群的危害较大。整体血铅浓度与年龄、工龄相关性不显著(P＞0.05)，但回转窑、金银电解工段职工血铅浓度与年龄相关性显著（P＜0.05），回转窑工段血铅浓度与工龄相关性显著（P＜0.05），男性组与女性组间血铅浓度差异有极显著性意义(P＜0.01)，男性组血铅水平显著高于女性组水平；血镉浓度与年龄、工龄相关性不显著(P＞0.05)；尿砷浓度与年龄、工龄的相关性不显著(P＞0.05)，男性组与女性组间尿砷浓度不存在显著性差异(P＞0.05)。（4）冶炼厂采取了较为先进的环保措施，采取的管理措施在环境监管方面起到了积极作用。关键词:车间环境，空气污染特征，重金属，健康效应IIAbstractSmokedust(copper,lead,cadmium,arsenic,etc.),SO2andsulfuricacidmistaremainairpollutantsintheworkshopenvironmentofcoppersmeltingprocess,whichareharmfultoworkershealthabsorbedbybreathandskinexposure.Basedonengineeringanalysisofacoppersmeltingplant,thecriticalcontrolpointsofhazardouspollutantswasidentified.Thepollutioncharacteristicsofheavymetal,SO2andsulfuricacidmistofworkshopenvironmentairinthedifferentsectionwasdiscussedcombinedwithon-sitemonitoringandlaboratoryanalysis.Theinformationsuchasage,workingageandpostofoccupationalpopulationwascollected.Thebiologicalsamplessuchasbloodandurineofworkerswerecollectedandanalyzedbasedontheparameterssuchasbloodlead,bloodcadmiumandurinearsenic.TheabovedataProcessingandstatisticalanalysisweredonebySPSS16.0andExcel2003.Theairpollutantssourcesintheworkplaceenvironmentwerediscussed.Thedistributioncharacteristicofaerialcontaminantintheworkplaceandtheimpactonworkers’healthwereevaluatedsynthetically.Theresultsareasfollows:(1)Bytheengineeringanalysisandsceneinvestigation,majorpollutantsweresmokedustcontainingheavymetalsproducedduringsmeltingandSO2insmeltingworkshop.Thepollutionlevelwasrelativelyhigh,majorpollutantswereSO2influegasandsulfuricacidmistinsulfuricacidworkshop.Thestoragevatcontainingacidsolutionwasopenlayout,whichledtothenon-organizationalacid-mistarealsourceinelectrolysisworkshopandanodemudtreatmentworkshop.MajorpollutantsweresmokedustandSO2inanodemudtreatmentworkshop.Arseniousacidproductionwaswetprocess,arsenic&itscompoundsandsulfuricacidmistwereitsmajorpollutants.(2)HeavymetalsandSO2weremajorpollutantsintheworkshopenvironment.Heavymetalpollutionwasmainlyconcentratedinthemeltingworkshop,theconcentrationrangesofcopper，lead，cadmiumandarsenicwere0.001~0.268mg/m3,0.030~0.135mg/m3,0.020~0.630mg/m3and0.001~0.227mg/m3respectively.Themeanconcentrationsofwhichwerehigherthanthoseoftheanodemudtreatmentworkshop.SO2distributionwaswideintheair,itsconcentrationrangeofmeltingworkshopwere0.25~15.51mg/m3higherthanthatoftheexternalenvironmentofworkplace,alsohigherthanthatofotherworkshops.Arsinepollutionwasseriousinelectrolysisworkshop(0.030~0.214mg/m3).Theconcentrationrangeofsulfuricacidmistinelectrolysisworkshopwere0.13~0.98mg/m3,themeanconcentrationofwhichwasIIIhigherthanthatofotherworkshops.(3)Itisveryharmfulforworkmenexposingtoleadpollution.Theoveralllevelofbloodleadwasnotapparentlycorrelatedwithageorworkingage(P＞0.05),butthebloodleadoftheworkersofbothrotarykilnandbullionelectrolysissectionhadcorrelationwithage（P＜0.05）,thebloodleadoftheworkersofrotarykilnsectionhadcorrelationwithworkingage（P＜0.05）,bloodleadlevelinmalegroupandfemalegroupexistedsignificantlydifferences(P＜0.01),bloodleadlevelofmalegroupwassignificantlyhigherthanthatoffemale.Thecorrelationbetweenbloodcadmiumlevelandageorworkingagewasnotsignificant(P＞0.05).Urinearseniclevelshowednosignificantcorrelationwithage,workingageorsex(P＞0.05).(4)Theadvancedmeasuresofenvironmentalprotectionwerecarriedoutbysmelterplant.Managementmeasuresplayedapositiveroleinenvironmentalsupervision.Keywords:Workplaceenvronment,airpollutioncharacteristics,heavymetals,healtheffects南昌航空大学硕士学位论文目录IV目录摘要···································································································IAbstract·····························································································II目录·································································································IV第1