管理学研究方法的新思路基于准实验设计的现场研究

376200711()JournalofZhejiangUniversity(HumanitiesandSocialSciences)Vol.37,No.6Nov.2007[]2007201208[][](06JZD0014);(70702020)[](19782),,,,,,:(,310027)[],(Quasi2ExperimentationDesignbasedFieldResearch,QEDFR),QEDFR,QEDFR[];;;;;[]C93203[]A[]1008-942X(2007)06-0073-08ANewApproachtoManagementMethodology:Quasi2ExperimentationDesignBasedFieldResearchMIAOQing(CollegeofPublicAdministration,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310027,China)Abstract:ThearticleintroducestheQuasi2ExperimentationDesignbasedFieldResearch(QEDFR)fromtheconcept,innovation,designingcase,implementationandstatisticpowerforthesakeofpromotinglocalresearchpracticesanddevelopmentinthefuture.Managementresearchinchinastillrestsonthelargescalesurvey,whichareconfrontedbymanylimitations,includingrandomizedsamplingchallenge,accuratemeasurementchallengeandcausalitychallenge.Intheconditionofmoreandmorecomplexmanagementphenomenon,QEDFRhastobestrengthenedurgently.Manipulationandcontrolarethetwofundamentalrequirementsforconductingexperimentation.QEDFRnotonlyembodiesthoseadvantages,butalsocharacterizestheintegrationoflowsubjectsrandomizationandfieldobservation.TheinnovationofQEDFRcomprisesof8aspects,includingindependentvariablemanipulation,irrelevantvariablecontrol,largerangeofresearchinterests,long2termsustainableeffects,moderatetotalcosts,definitecausalrelationship,highprobabilityofrepresentedreality,©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:survey;quasi2experimentationdesign;fieldresearch;internalvalidity;externalvalidity;statisticalpower,,,[1]51,[2]106,[3]100,,(),:(1):,;MBA,(handysample),;,,(2):,,,,,(3):,(internalvalidity)[4]208,,,,,,,47()37©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[2]106,[3]101,,,,()(),,,,;,,,,,,,,[2]107Cook:[4]223,[5]48:(1)(manipulation)(),(2)(control),,A,B,,,,(),,,(ScanlonPlan)[6]480,,(Lewin)(),,,[7]290,,(quasi2experimentation),[8]105,A,B,,,,,(laboratoryexperimentation)(fieldexperimentation)[9]134,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,(1)(Quasi2ExperimentationDesignbasedFieldResearch,QEDFR),[10]141576::©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.()QEDFRQEDFRQEDFR,(2):(1):,,,(2):,,,;,,,(3):,QEDFR,(),(4):,,,,;;QEDFR,(5):QEDFR,,,,(6):QEDFR,,,,,(7):QEDFR,,,(externalvalidity)[11]251(8):QEDFR,,,,(),2QEDFR(/)67()37©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(nonequivalentcontrolgroupdesign),,,,,ZJJX(78,5)(63,4),,,,120%,,1000,,,2001,,,2002,,(1)1:QEDFR()QEDFR,,QEDFR,(interruptedtimeseriesdeign),,,,2,,776::©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.()QEDFRQEDFR,:(1),,,,,(2)QEDFR(),,,,(3)(generalization)QEDFR,[12]720,,(4),,QEDFR,:(1),,,,,,,(2)QEDFR,,,(3)();();(,);,(4)QEDFR,,87()37©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[5]50,,P,P0.1,,,,QEDFR30,15030,,,(statisticalpower);150,,,,ScanduraWilliamsAcademyofManagementAdministrativeScienceQuarterlyJournalofManagement,19851987,QEDFR54.1%,19951997,77.5%,6.9%3.6%[13]1248,,,[14]5[8]104[3]105[9]132QEDFR,QEDFR,[][1],.[J].,2004,18(3):5