初中英语语法—现在进行时讲解与习题现在进行时表示1、现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作,强调“此时此刻”。E.g.Heisreading.Theyaretalkingnow.2、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。E.g.Theyareworkingthesedays.3、某些动词的现在进行时,表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。E.gIamcoming.其结构为be+现在分词.现在分词的变法有1、一般在动词词尾加上-ing,E.g.jump2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去e,再加-ing.E.ghavewrite3、.以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词,它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写,再加上-ing.E.g.sitput其句式变换都在be上做文章。E.g.Heisbuyingabike.Ishebuyingabike?Heisn’tbuyingabike.一般由look,listen,now,atthismoment等时间状语做标志。自我检测(一)、单选1、Look!He_____theirmotherdothehousework.A.ishelpingB.arehelpC.ishelpD.ishelpping2、_____aretheboysdoing?Theyaresingingintheroom.A.WhoB.HowC.WhatD.Where3、Don’ttalkhere.Mymother_____.A.issleepingB.aresleepingC.sleepingD.sleep4、Danny______.Don’tcallhim.A.iswriteingB.iswritingC.writingD.writes5、–When_____he_____back?–Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.does,comeB.arecomingC.iscomeD.iscoming答案:ACABD(二)、填空1、It’steno’clock.Mymother_____(lie)inbed.2、What____he_____(mend)?3、We_____(play)gamesnow.4、What____you____(do)thesedays?5、____he___(clean)theclassroom?6、Who____(sing)inthenextroom?7、Thegirl____(like)wearingasweater.Look!She____(wear)aredsweatertoday.答案:1islying2ismending3areplaying4aredoing5Iscleaning6issinging7likes;iswearing一、把动词变成现在分词形式易出错例:1、Theyareswiming.(swim)2、Jennyisplaiing(play)football.答案:1.swimming2.playing解析:动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:“一添一去y不变”.“一添”指双写规则;“一去”指去掉不发音字母e规则;“y不变”指要与名词变复数区分开。二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词例:1、Look,twochildrenflying.(fly)akiteinthepark.2、LiMingisn’tread(notread)abookinbednow.答案:1areflying2isn’treading解析:现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为:“be+现在分词,缺一不可”。这一点必须牢记。三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing例:1、Thestudentsaresingingintheroom.(对划线部分提问)Whatarethestudentsintheroom?答案:Whatarethestudentsdoingintheroom?解析:现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式“What+be+主语+doing+其它?”或简写为“What......doing......”?句式。四、现在进行时态的选择疑问句中易忽视or后用现在分词形式例:孩子们在跑还是在跳?Arethechildrenrunningorjump?答案:Arethechildrenrunningorjumping?解析:or连接的是两个并列成分,动词形式须一致。一般现在时的讲解与练习一般现在时是英语中应用最广泛的时态之一,是初中英语语法重点。它表示1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。e.g.Igotoschoolonfoot.Heisverybusynow.2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。e.g.Hecanswim.Iworkhard.IlikewatchingTV.3)表示客观真理e.g.Therearesevendaysinaweek.Themoonmovesroundtheearth.其结构按正常语序,即“主语+谓语+其它”,有时为了起强调作用,时间状语也可提前.其句式变化可分为两种情况1)表示动作,一般人称作主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词don’t;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do。E.g.Theyhavelunchat12:00.Theydon’thavelunchat12:00.Dotheyhavelunchat12:00?2)单三人称做主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesn’t;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词does。E.g.JennyspeaksEnglishverywell.Jennydoesn’tspeakEnglishverywell.DoesJennyspeakEnglishverywell?含有be动词的要在be上做变化.E.g.Dannyisagoodstudent.Dannyisn’tagoodstudent.IsDannyagoodstudent?其时间状语为often、usually、always、sometimes等频率副词,onSaturdays、inthemorning(afternoonevening)、everyday等。学生常见错误如下:一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中例:Weareplant(plant)thetreesinspring.答案:plant解析:学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译,就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的,要看语法是不是正确,在英语中,be是表状态,do是表动作,两种动词不能同时出现在句子中,可记住如下口诀:“英汉语言有差异,be、do不能放一起,仔细琢磨细分析,语法千万要牢记。”自我检测:(一)、单选1Jenny____inanoffice.Herparents____inahospital.Awork;worksBworks;workCwork;areworkingDisworking;work2Oneoftheboys_____ablackhat.AhaveBthereisCthereareDhas3Wewillgoshoppingifit____tomorrow.Adon'trainBdidn'trainCdoesn'trainDisn'train4Hesaidthesun____intheeastand____inthewest.Arose;setBrises;setsCrises,setDrise;sets5WangMei____musicandoften____tomusic.Alike;listenBlikes;listensClike;arelisteningDliking;listen6Jenny____Englisheveryevening.AhasstudyBstudiesCstudyDstudied答案:1B2D3C4B5B6B(二)、填空1IcantakeLiMingtherewhenhe_____(come)tovisit.2_____yoursister_____(know)English?3Herhome_______________(远离)herschool.4Thepot_____(notlook)likeyoursverymuch.5Where_____you____(have)luncheveryday?6Who_____(想要)togoswimming?7______she_____(do)thehouseworkeveryday?8JennyandDannyusually______(play)gamesintheafternoon.答案:1comes2Doesknow3isawayfrom4doesn'tlook二、单三人称形式易出错例:1Heplaies(play)footballverywell.2Dannygos(go)toschoolat7:10.答案:1plays2goes解析:1以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es;2与名词变复数不同,变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加es.三、在句式变换时易出错例:1DoesJennyhas(has)agoodfriend?2Briandoesn’tlives(notlive)inChina.答案:1Doeshave2doesn’tlive解析:单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时,可记住如下口诀:“见助动,用原形”。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g.Hedidn'tgohomeyesterday.四、对do的理解易出错例:Wedon’t(notdo)ourhomeworkintheafternoon.答案:don’tdo解析:do是一个比较难理解的词,它有三个含义:a)是所有行为动词的总称;b)是助动词,无实义;c)是一个具体的行为动词“做,干”。此句中给出的do指“做,干”,not指把此句变为否定句,故须在do前加助动词don’t。五、对主语的数判断有误例:LiMingwithmeare(be)inBeijing.答案:is解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”,但with在此做伴随状语,不能做主语,故用is.另外,宾语从句中,从句部分若是表示客观真理,不管主句是何时态,从句都要用一般现在时;在时间和条件状语从句中,主句表将来,从句要用一般现在时。一、一般将来时的动词形式一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。一般将来时由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成,shall用于第一人称,will用于第二、三人称。但是现在第一人称一般也用will,其区别并不明显。(或“begoingto+动词原形)常与tomorrow,next…,in(the)future,soon,infivedays,intwoweeks等连用。如:Ishallnotcomeifitrainstomorrow.如明天下雨我就不来。MyfatherwillleaveforChinanextweek.我的爸爸下星期要到中国去。“I’ll,You’ll,He’ll,She’ll,It’ll,We’ll,They’ll…”是简缩形式。1.Theworkerswillbuildanewschoolherenextyear.工人们明年将在这儿盖一所新学校。Theywillgoshoppingthisafternoon.今天下午他们将要去购物。Weshallhaveadeliciousdinnertonight.今晚我们将美餐一顿。Weshallbetherebeforedark.我们天黑前会到达那里。2.Iwillnotgoshoppingonehourlater.一小时之后我不会去购物。Hewon’tplayfootballwithyoubeforehefinisheshiswork.他干完活后才能跟你踢足球。3.Willyoubebackintenminutes?十分钟后你会回来吗?Willyoupleaseopenthewindow?