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ReadingandwritingCOPERNICUS’REVOLUTIONARYTHEORY1.Doyouknowwhatisthecenterofthesolarsystem?2.Canyounamethenineplanetsinthesolarsystem?WarmingupNinePlanetsIntheSolarSystem.Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星NinePlanetsintheSolarSystem哥白尼(NicolausCopernicus,1473-1543),波兰天文学家、日心说创立者,近代天文学的奠基人。哥白尼经过长期的天文观测和研究,创立了更为科学的宇宙结构体系——日心说,从此否定了在西方统治达一千多年的地心说。日心说经历了艰苦的斗争后,才为人们所接受,这是天文学上一次伟大的革命,不仅引起了人类宇宙观的重大革新,而且从根本上动摇了欧洲中世纪宗教神学的理论支柱。“从此自然科学便开始从神学中解放出来”,“科学的发展从此便大踏步前进”（恩格斯《自然辩证法》）。哥白尼著有阐述日心说的《天体运行论》(1543年出版),由于受到时代的局限,在日心说中保留了所谓“完美的”圆形轨道等论点。其后开普勒建立行星运动三定律,牛顿发现万有引力定律，以及行星光行差、视差相继发现,日心说遂建立在更加稳固的科学基础上。Skimthetextanddrawthetwotheoriesoftheuniversewiththefollowingpictures.SunearthBeforeCopernicus’theoryShowingCopernicus’theoryReading-I----skimming(2m)SunearthBeforeCopernicus’theoryShowingCopernicus’theorySunearthearthSunSkimthetextanddrawthetwotheoriesoftheuniversewiththefollowingpictures.Reading-I----skimming(2m)Readthetextandanswerthefollowingquestion.1.Whycouldn’thetellanyoneaboutthetheory?2.HowmanyyearsdidCopernicusworkontheproblemtocompletehistheory?3.WhendidCopernicuspublishhistheory?Reading-II----detailedreading(2m)BecausethepowerfulChristianChurchwouldhavepunishedhimforevensuggestingsuchanidea.1.Whycouldn’thetellanyoneaboutthetheory?4years.2.HowmanyyearsdidCopernicusworkontheproblemtocompletehistheory?Hepublishedhistheoryashelaydyingin1543.3.WhendidCopernicuspublishhistheory?1.AtCopernicus’time,ChristianChurchwasinchargeofmanywesterncountries.Readthroughthepassage,andtellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.Reading3.Copernicusdidn’tshowhisnewtheorytohisfriendsuntilhecompletedit.4.Hisfriendswerenotinterestedinhisideas.2.Copernicusnoticedthatobservedfromtheearth,someplanetsappearinfrontoforbehindtheearth.5.SincehewasnotafraidofbeingattackedbytheChurch,Copernicuspublishedhisbookassoonashefinishedworkingonit.6.Newton,Einstein,andHawkingareallscientistswhomadecontributionstothestudyoftheuniverse.leadto通向，导致(to是介词)AllroadsleadtoRome.Theheavyrainledtoaflood.Hisactionscouldleadtohimlosinghisjob.Languagepoints1.…,allhismathematicalcalculationsledtothesameconclusion:…contributeto贡献getdownto着手做givewayto让位于keepto遵守lookforwardto盼望，期待taketo从事turnto求助于stickto坚持pointto指向seeto处理beusedto习惯于devoteoneselfto献身于beequalto等于befamiliarto为……熟悉含介词to的动词短语还有：知识链接2.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.=Themovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesenseonlyifyouputthesunthere.onlyif其意为“只有在……条件下”。onlyif引导的状语从句置于主句之前时，其后的主句要用倒装语序。Onlyifyouridentityhasbeenchecked,_____.A.youareallowedinB.youwillbeallowedinC.willyouallowinD.willyoubeallowedin1)Onlyifateacherhasgivenpermissionisastudentallowedtoenterthisroom.2)Onlyifyoustudyhard,willyouachieveyoudream.D[小试身手]onlyif与ifonly的差别onlyif意为“只有在……条件下”ifonly有两个意思，一是表示“只要”，此时通常与陈述语气连用，与onlyif用法相似；二是表示“但愿、要是……就好了”，此时多与虚拟语气连用。如：IwillcomeonlyifyoupromisenottoinviteMary.Ifonlyitclearsup,we’llgo.IfonlyIhadn’ttoldhimaboutit.It’sagoodplan,ifonlywecouldcarryitout.makesense有意义，有道理，说得通1)Whatyousaymakesnosense.2)Itwouldmakesensetoleaveearly.3)Canyoumakesenseofthispoem?你说的话没有道理。还是早点走好。（是明智的，合理的）你看得懂这首诗吗？（理解或弄懂）1)Whathesaysmakesno_____toher.（2010·山东济南模块检测）A.careB.senseC.interestD.meaning2)Thepoemishardtounderstand.Canyoumake______ofthispoem?(2010·辽宁大连检测)A.ideaB.knowledgeC.senseD.understanding[小试身手]BC1)wouldhave表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常用来说明某一情况，但不象should或oughtto那样含有责备之意。3.YethecouldnottellanyoneabouthistheoryasthepowerfulChristianChurchwouldhavepunishedhimforevensuggestingsuchanidea.1)Iguessthepoetwouldhavebeenabout20whenshewroteherfirstpoem.2)Anotherworkerwouldn’thaveactedlikethat.needn’thave+p.p.表示做了不必做的事，相当于，译为“其实没必要……”shouldhave+p.p.表示应该做某事但实际上未做，译为“本应该……”shouldnothave+p.p.表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了，译为“本不应该……”知识链接4.Sobetween1510and1514heworkedonit,graduallyimprovinguntilhefeltitwascomplete.workon从事Sheisworkingonanewnovel.=Sheiswritinganewnovel.workon还可意为“对…发生影响，对…起作用”(=workupon)Thedoctortoldhimthatthiskindofmedicinemayworkonhim.completeadj.完整的,完成的；彻底的Wecan’tgooutuntilourhomeworkiscomplete.complete还可作动词，意思是“完成,使完美；使完整”Canyoucompleteyourtaskontime?5.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingroundit...此句中的withtheplanetsgoingroundit是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”构成的复合结构，其中宾语补可以是v.-ing/v.-ed/todo/adj./adv./prep.Phrases，此结构在句中常用作状语，表示方式，原因或条件等。Withtheoldmanleadingtheway,westartedtowardstheforest.在这位老人的带领下，我们开始向森林进发。Sheranandranwithbeadsofsweatrunningdownherface.她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。6.Hisfriendswereenthusiasticandencouragedhimtopublishhisideas,butCopernicuswascautious.enthusiasticadj.热心的，满腔热情的Heisenthusiasticabouthelpingothers.enthusiasmn.热心,热情,热忱Hisrefusalicedourenthusiasm.enthusiastn.对...热衷的人;热心者Heisanenthusiastaboutpolitics.[知识拓展]cautiousadj.十分小心的，谨慎的Thebossiscautiousaboutmakingpromises.cautionn.小心,谨慎careful,cautious含有“小心的，谨慎的”之意。careful:侧重做事谨慎、留心，特别注意一些细节地方。cautious:着重考虑事情的后果，谨慎留意，防止出差错。知识链接rejectvt.拒绝，驳回，丢弃Herejectedtheirofferofajob.7.TheChristianChurchrejectedhidtheory,saying...