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句子成分及句型MembersandStructuresofaSentence句子分类简单句复合句并列复合句主从复合句有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。如：and,but,or,so等定语从句状语从句名词性从句由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子.eg:TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthenewspaper.由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有主谓结构。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。一:ＳＶ(主＋谓)二:ＳＶＰ(主＋系＋表)三:ＳＶＯ(主＋谓＋宾)四:ＳＶｏＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)五:ＳＶＯＣ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)*句子成分由词或词组充当英语的基本成分有七种：_________________________________________________________________________________________________________和___________________主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)补语(complement)㈠主语subject•Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.•Shewentoutinahurry.•Fourplusfouriseight.•Toseeistobelieve.•Smokingisbadforhealth.•Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.•Whathehassaidistrue.主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。名词主格代词数词动词不定式动名词the+形容词句子1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.3.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.4.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.5.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(一)挑出下列句中的主语㈡谓语predicate•谓语:简单谓语由动词或动词词组构成,是完整的时态和语态。一般在主语之后。•Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?•Helookedaftertwoorphans.•复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;•HecanspeakEnglishwell.•Shehasfinishedthehomework..2.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime3.IhavebeenlearningEnglishfor1oyears.4.Heshouldtellmethetruth.5.Mybrotherdoesn’tlikestudy.6.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.(二)挑出下列句中谓语●Ilikemyjob.●Iloveyou.●Hewantedtoleavehere.●Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.●Heaskedwherehewas.（三）宾语object宾语：动作的接受者，一般在谓语后面.由名词,代词,介词短语,非谓语及从句充当。•宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.•Hegavemesomebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●Pleasepassmethebook.●Heboughtmesomeflowers.(三)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.(四)宾语补足语objectcomplement•宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。•Ifoundthebookinteresting.•DoyouhearTomsinging?•Hemadehimselfunderstood.•Sheaskedmetolendherahand.•Pleasemakeyourselfathome.•Pleasekeepthedogout.•Wemustkeepitasecret.形容词现在分词过去分词动词不定式介词短语副词名词(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.（五）定语(Attributive):•定语的作用？–用于修饰、限定名词或代词。•定语一般由？？？充当。–girl•定语还可以由名词充当，表用途。–apencilbox形容词beautifula定语(Attributive):•定语也可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。–ThosewhowanttolearnEnglishwellshouldstudyharderthanothers.–aninterestingbook–ameetingtoattend•定语也可以由介词（词组）充当。–Thebooksontheshelf(五)挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!（六）状语adverbial•用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.•Theyareplayingontheplayground.•Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.•Hegotupsolatethathemissedthetrain.•Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.(六)挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.1.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.2.Timeisprecious.3.Whowasthefirst?4.Heisoutofcondition.5.ThebookiswhatIneed.6.Theappletastesgood.（七）表语predicative（七）表语•在系动词后的部分就是表语•常见的系动词有:•be动词(am,is,are)•感官系动词feel,smell,sound,taste,look•变化系动词become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come•状态系动词seem,keep,remain,stay,appear.(七)挑出下列句中的表语--Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.--Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.--SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.八、同位语appositive同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子成分,这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.(students是we的同位语,都指同一批“学生”)Weallarestudents.(all是we的同位语,都指同样的“我们”)牛刀小试a.ＳＶb.ＳＶＰc.ＳＶＯd.ＳＶｏＯe.ＳＶＯＣ1.Pleastellusastory._______2.Henoticedamanentertheroom._____3.Ihavealotworktodo._____4.Hisjobistotrainswimmers._____5.Shesmiled.______6.Pleaselookatthepicture._____daebec划分句子成分1.Youwilltellyourfriendthatyou’vegottoschool.2.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn’tdareopenawindow.3.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.4.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower.1.Youwilltell(your)friendthatyou’vegottoschool.2.But[asthemoongavefartoomuchlight],Ididn’tdareopenawindow.3.[Anothertimefivemonthsago],IhappenedtobeUpstairs[atdusk](whenthewindowwasopen).4.The(dark,rainy)evening,thewind,thethunderingCloudsheldme[entirely]intheirpower.主语谓语间宾定语直接宾语原因状语主语谓语宾语