初中英语语法--一般过去时.

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一般过去时口诀一般过去并不难,表示过去(动作、状态)记心间。动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。否定句很简单,didn't动词(原形)前,其它部分不要变。疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,其它部分依次站。特殊疑问也简单,疑问句首记心间。最后一条请注意,动词过去要牢记。1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;2.时间状语:ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek,last(year,night,month,具体时间,justnow,attheageof,oneday,longago,onceuponatime(很久以前),3.动词变化规则:规则变化:1直接加edeg:workworkedworked2以不发音的e结尾的,+deg:livelivedlived3以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加edeg:studystuiedstuied4以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+edeg:stopstoppedstopped不规则变化例如相等eg:cutcutreadread注:read和read读音不同!sitsathave/has--had,eat--ate,see--saw4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。Sheoftencametohelpusinthosedays.Ididn'tknowyouweresobusy.6.一般过去式的构成形式:肯定式疑问式否定式疑问否定式IworkedDidIwork?IdidnotworkDidInotwork?He(she,it)workedDidhe(she,it)work?He(she,it)didnotworkDidhe(she,it)notwork?WeworkedDidwework?WedidnotworkDidwenotwork?YouworkedDidyouwork?YoudidnotworkDidyounotwork?TheyworkedDidtheywork?TheydidnotworkDidtheynotwork?一般过去时表示句式:主语+过去动词+其他IhadawordwithJuliathismorning.今天早晨,我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。(1)Hesmokedmanycigarettesadayuntilhegaveup.他没有戒烟的那阵子,抽烟抽得可凶了。(2)一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:yesterday,lastweek,in1993,atthattime,once,duringthewar,before,afewdaysago,when等等。Haveyouhadyourlunch?你吃过午饭了吗?(你现在不饿吗?)Yes,Ihave.是的,我已经吃过了。(已经吃饱了,不想再吃了。)Whendidyouhaveit?你是什么时候吃的?(关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。)Ihaditabouttenminutesago.我大约是十分钟以前吃的。)Usedtodosomething表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。Iusedtoworkfourteenhoursaday.我过去常常一天干十四个小时。Iateitat6:45。我在六点四十五分吃了。一般过去时的基本用法1带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时如:yesterday(昨天)、twodaysago…(两天前……)、lastyear…(去年…)、theotherday(前几天)、onceuponatime(很久以前)、justnow(刚才)、intheolddays(过去的日子里)、beforeliberation(解放前…)、WhenIwas8yearsold、at+一个时间点Didyouhaveapartytheotherday?前几天,你们开了晚会了吗?LeiFengwasagoodsoldier.雷锋是个好战士。注意在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。2表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时,这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。Theboyopenedhiseyesforamoment,lookedatthecaptain,andthendied.那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。3表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作常与always,never等连用。Mrs.Peteralwayscarriedanumbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。(只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)比较Mrs.Peteralwayscarriesanumbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。(说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)Mrs.Peterisalwayscarryinganumbrella.彼得太太总是带着一把伞。(表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦)Ineverdrankwine.我以前从不喝酒。(不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)4如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用usedtodo(过去常常做,而现在不那样做了)Heusedtodrink.他过去喝酒。(意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)Iusedtotakeawalkinthemorning.我过去是在早晨散步。(意味着现在不在早晨散步了)比较:Itookawalkinthemorning.我曾经在早晨散过步。(只是说明过去这一动作)5有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时,这一点,我们中国学生往往出错,要特别注意!Ididn''tknowyouwereinParis.我不知道你在巴黎。(因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:ButnowIknowyouarehere.)Ithoughtyouwereill.我以为你病了呢。(这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病)辨别正误LiMingstudiedEnglishthismorning.(把此句变为一般疑问句)()1.DidLiMingstudiedEnglishthismorning?(动词应该用________)()2.DoesLimingStudyEnglishthismorning?(时态应该用________)()3.WasLiMingstudiedEnglishthismorning(应该用_______而不是be动词)()4.DidLiMingstudyEnghishthismorning?Cleverboysorgirls.3.therebe句型Therewasanappleonthetablelastnight.Wasthereanappleonthetablelastnight?训练题:11.________yourfather________(go)toworkeverydaylastyear?12.--Whattime_______you_______(get)toBeijingyesterday?--We__________(get)toBeijingat9:00intheevening.13.What__________(make)himcry(哭)justnow?14.Lastyeartheteacher___________(tell)usthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.15.There____________atelephonecallforyoujustnow.(be)16.There__________notenoughpeopletopickapplesthatday.(be)17.There_____________(benot)anyhospitalsinmyhometown(家乡)in1940.18.There____________enoughmilkathomelastweek,wasn’tthere?19.Eli____________toJapanlastweek.(move)20.–When_______you_________(come)tochina?Lastyear.21.Didshe________(have)supperathome?22.Jack____________(notclean)theroomjustnow.23._________(be)itcoldinyourcityyesterday?24.Howmanypeople________(be)thereinyourclasslastterm?25.It________(be)hotyesterdayandmostchildren_______(be)outside.26.There______(be)afootballmatchonTVyesterdayevening,butI________(have)notimetowatchit.请用正确动词形式填空。1.I_________(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.2._________she_________(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she_________.3.What________Tom________(do)onSaturdayevening?He________(watch)TVand__________(read)aninterestingbook.4.Theyall_________(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.5.She_________(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.She________(stay)athomeand_________(do)somecleaning.6.When________you_________(write)thissong?I__________(write)itlastyear.7.Myfriend,Carol,___________(study)forthemathtestand__________(practice)Englishlastnight.8.________Mr.Li__________(do)theprojectonMondaymorning?Yes,he_________.9.How_________(be)Jim'sweekend?It_________(benot)bad.10.________(be)yourmotherasalesassistantlastyear?No.she__________.句型转换III.用所给词的适当形式填空。1.TomandMary___________(come)toChinalastmonth.2.Mike_________________(notgo)tobeduntil12o’clocklastnight.Sohe______(get)uplate.3.Mary__________(read)Englishyesterdaymorning.4.There_________(be)noonehereamomentago.5.I___________(call)Mikethismorning.6.Ilistenedbut___________(hear)nothing.7.Tom___________(begin)tolearnChineselastyear.8.Lastweekwe_________(pick)manyapplesonthefarm.9.Mymother_____________

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