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语法专项ObjectClause宾语从句一、宾语从句的概念Ilikemyteacher.（名词作宾语)Iknowhim.（代词作宾语）IknowMrLiteachesEnglish.(句子作宾语）概念：宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。二.包含宾语从句的句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句Eg:Iknowthatheishonest.三、宾语从句三要素连接词时态语序（一）连接词1.That：引导陈述句，常省略2.whether/if：引导一般疑问句，意为“是否”3.连接代词whowhomwhosewhatwhich4.连接副词whenwhywherehow。(1).陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常略。e.g,Shetoldme(that)shewouldliketogowithus.(2)以whether或if引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句。从句同样是陈述语序eg,Iwonderif/whetheryouhavetoldthenewstoLiLei.Doyouhaveapenfriend?Maryaskedme（合并一句）Maryaskedme——Ihadapenfriend.If/whetherIf与whether的区别1.Idon’tknow_____hewillcomeornot.2.Idon’tcareof______heishandsome.3.Hewondered______tostayherethenextweek.4.____hewillcomeisnotdecided.与ornot连用只能用whether介词后只能用whether与todo不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用whether由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句Wheredoeshelive?Ididn’tknow.(改为宾语从句Ididn’tknow________he_____.wherelived（二）语序：陈述句语序即：陈述句结构（主+谓+其他成分）•（三）时态(时态一致性）•1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_________时态。Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswherewe’llgofishingtomorrow.•DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmovedhere?任何•2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_________时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：•HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.•HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.过去•3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，即使主句用了过去时，从句仍用_______时态。例如：Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.一般现在１．Doyouknow__________________?A.wheredoessheliveB.sheliveswhereC.whereshelivesD.whereshelive2.Hisparentswantedtoknowwhathe______atthattime.A.isdoingB.wasdoingC.hasdoneD.willdoCB巩固练习：I．从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。4．Lily’smotherlookedforherforhalfanhour,butcouldnotfind________?A.whatLilywasB.whatwasLilyC.whereLilywasD.wherewasLilyC3.—Wedon’tknow______.--ItissaidthathewasborninCanada.A.whatheisB.whenhewasbornC.wherehecomesfromD.ifheliveshereC5Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake6Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travelsD.hadtravelledAC•7.Couldyoupleasetellme________hewillcomeheretomorrow?•A.ifB.weatherC.whatD.which•A8.Couldyoutellme___?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijingCIdidn’tknow.Willhecomeback?(合并一句）Ididn’tknow______he_____comeback.Wheredidyoubuyyourpen?Doyouremember?(改为宾语从句）Doyouremember____I_____mypen.Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddowiththebrokenbike.Idon’tknowwhat_______withthebrokenbike.Hetoldme.Theearthisround.(改为宾语从句）Hetoldme___theearth___round.Ididn’tknow.Willhecomeback?(合并一句）Ididn’tknowif/whetherhewouldcomeback.Wheredidyoubuyyourpen?Doyouremember?(改为宾语从句）DoyourememberwhereIboughtmypen.Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddowiththebrokenbike.Idon’tknowwhattodowiththebrokenbike.Hetoldme.Theearthisround.(改为宾语从句）Hetoldme_thattheearthisround.宾语从句小结一.结构1.当陈述句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+that+主语+谓语部分2.当一般疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+if(whether)+主语+谓语部分3.当特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+特殊疑问词+主语+谓语部分二．主从时态关系主句从句１．一般现在时２．一般过去时3.(特殊):任何时态(客观、自然现象)三.语序：陈述语序时态不变时态相应变化一般现在时(二）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:(2)Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.→Shedoesn’tknow________________.(三）当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:(3)WillyoupleaseshowmehowIcanworkitout?→Willyoupleaseshowme___________________.(四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用ask/tell/orderSb.(not)todosth结构。eg:(4)A:Pleasebequiet.B:WhatdidBillsay?A:Heaskedustobequiet.whattodonexthowtoworkitout四、否定转移在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe,guess,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。eg:(5)Idon’tthinkhewillcomewithyou.注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。eg:(6)Idon’tbelievehehasfinishedthework,________?(7)HeknewwhyJimwasn’tatschool,___________?解析：例6，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾语从句的主语充当。例7，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语由主句的主语充当。hashedidn’the三、宾语从句与简单句的转换（一）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。eg:(1)IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.→Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail_______________________.II.改错：1.MissZhangaskedmewhywasIlateforschool.__________________________________________MissZhangaskedmewhyIwaslateforschool.2.Fathertoldmethesunalwaysroseintheeast.__________________________________________Fathertoldmethesunalwaysrisesintheeast.3.Hedoesn’tknowthatwhenshecancomeback.__________________________________________Hedoesn’tknowwhenshecancomeback.1.Theradiosaysit_________cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey____________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearhe__________(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)6.Heaskedwhatthey__________ateightlastnight.(do)7.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_______fasterthansound.(travel)8.Ithinkyou__________abouttherelayracenow.(talk)9.Ididn’tknowwhomtheletters_________from.(be)willbegoeswereplayinghasreturnedhadbeentravelsaretalkingwereweredoing10.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)11.MissWangtoldmethattheearth______(move)roundtheearth.12.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?(take)13.LingFengtoldmehe_________toseveraltimes.(be)14.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)15.Canyoutellmewhatthey______yesterday