动词不定式的用法导学案

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1动词不定式的用法导学案Ⅰ.时态语态:主动形式被动形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing/完成进行式tohavebeendoing/否定形式nottodonottobedone疑问词+不定式wh-todowh-tobedone复合结构sb.todo/forsb.todo/Ⅱ、不定式的时态意义不定式的时态是以句中谓语动词的时间为依据的(1)一般式表示的动作或状态__________________________________________。TheymadeplanstoliveinParis.他们计划住在巴黎。(tolive发生在madeplans之后)(2)进行式表示其动作正在进行,____________________________________。Hepretendedtobelisteningtomecarefully.他假装认真地听我讲。(3)不定式的完成时表达下列意义:A.不定式的完成式所表示的动作或状态_________________________________________。Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起,让你久等了。(tohavekept发生在____________所表示的时间之前)Sheissaidtohavejustcompletedanovel.据说她刚完成一部小说。(tohavejustcompletedanovel发生在______________所表示的时间之前)B.用在intended,expected,meant,hoped,promised,planned,wished,thought,desired,was,were等词后,不定式的完成式表示未曾实现的愿望、期待、想法、打算或计划等。tohave+过去分词表示动作,tohavebeen表示状态。ImeanttohavedonetheworkbeforeSunday.____________________________(没完成)Iwastohavebeenadoctor._____________________________________(没当成)Iintendedtohavecometoseeyou.__________________________________(但没来)C.用在seem,appear,thing,consider,believe等后,表示一个动作先于另一个动作发生。Iseemtohaveseenhersomewherebefore.以前我好像在那见过她。(see在seem之前发生)Hewasbelievedtohavebeenareporter.都认为他从前干过记者。(4)不定式的完成进行式表示动作在_________________________。Hewashappytohavebeenstayingwithhisuncle.Helookedtooyoungtohavebeenpublishingbooksforsixyears.Ⅲ不定式的语法功能:动词不定式是一种非谓语动词,不能充当谓语,但仍具有动词的特性,可以有时态、语态的变化,也可以在句中可充当____________________________________等Examples:Itisgoodtohelpothers.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeoplehaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.Idon’thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.2Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.1.作主语动词不定式作主语既可位于句首,也可以用_____做形式主语。例如:Tolearnaskillisveryimportantforeveryoneinsociety.翻译:________________________________________Itisnecessaryforyoungstudentstolearnaforeignlanguage.翻译:________________________________________注意:“Itis+形容词+X+代词(名词)+不定式”句型——用of还是用for(1)如果句中的形容词表示人物特征或品质,常同of搭配eg:brave,careful,careless,considerate,cruel,rude,generous,right,wrong,kind,nice,good,polite,clever,wise,foolish,silly等。这是一个带有感情色彩的不定式结构,表示褒义时,具有“对……不胜感激”的意思;表示贬义时,含有“真是太……,真是……透了”的意思。Itiskindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真是太好了。Itwasfoolishofustodoso.我们这样做真是太傻了。(2)表示事物性质的形容词eg:easy,difficult,hard,important,impossible,possible,safe,dangerous,necessary常同for搭配It’sdifficultformetoworkouttheproblem.我要算出这道题目太难了。It’sveryimportantforstudentstolearnEnglishwell.对于学生们来说,学好英语是很重要2.作表语动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构:Mywish/job/aim/goalis…及Thenextstep/measureis…等。例如:Yourjobistotypethepapersintheoffice.翻译:________________________________________Thenextmeasureistostoptheriverfrombeingpolluted.Toseeistobelieve.【翻译】_____________________3.作宾语常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:arrange,agree,afford,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,hope,intend,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等。eg:Theydecided__________________betweenthesetwocities.他们决定在两座城市之间建一条高速路。Iexpect_____________tomorrow.我期待明天见到你。注意:1)believe,think,consider,feel,make等动词可用于“动词+it+adj./n+todosth.”句型,其中使用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。eg:Ithinkitnecessaryforustohaveagoodrestafterthelongwork.翻译:________________________________________2)有些动词既可以用动词不定式做宾语,也可以用动名词做宾语,二者意义没太大3区别,这类词有:continuebeginhatelikelovepreferstart;Theycontinuesmoking.Theycontinuetosmoke.Ilikeswimming.Iliketoswim.3)有些动词既可以跟动名词做宾语,也可以接动词不定式,但不定式前面需要加人/物做宾语,这时动词不定式就成了宾语补足语Gerund(动名词):verb+-ingInfinitive(动词不定式):verb+person+to-infinitiveadviseallowencouragepermitTheyadvisewalkingtotown.Theyadviseustowalktotown.Theydonotallowsmokinghere.Theydonotallowustosmokehere.Theyencouragedoingthetest.Theyencourageustodothetest.Theydonotpermitsmokinghere.Theydonotpermitustosmokehere.4)有些动词既可以用动词不定式做宾语,也可以用动名词做宾语,但二者意义不同。这类词有:forgetgoonmeanrememberstoptry4.作宾补,用在这些动词后:warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等+sbtodosthTheteacheraskedMothertotakehimhome.翻译:________________________________________Shefoundhimtobeaverygoodpupil.翻译:________________________________________注意:1)feel,think,understand,suppose,know,imagine,find,believe,consider后的宾语补足语常是tobe的形式Shefoundhimtobeaverygoodpupil.翻译:________________________________________Shebelieveshim(tobe)honest。翻译:________________________________________2)一些感官动词也可以接动词不定式做宾语补足语,但动词不定式符号to省去。感官动词:feel,(一感觉)hear,listento,(二听)let,make,have(三使)watch,see,lookat,notice,observe(五看)eg:Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.MothermadeJohnwashthecarforaweek.但当以上的动词用于被动式,to要还原:Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree.Johnwasmadetowashthecarforaweek.5.作定语动词不定式作定语,应位于所修饰词语之_____,即:做_________。eg:Haveyougotanythingtoeat?(toeat修饰_________,位于其后)41)下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语:ability,attempt,chance,courage,decision,effort,failure,promise,way,wish等。例如:2)由only,first,last,next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后,也常接不定式作定语。例如:Whowasthelastonetoleavetheclassroomlastnight?【翻译】他总是第一个来,最后一个走。____________________________________________6.作状语动词不定式作状语,可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例如:Wewenttheretoseeourgrandparents.(表________)Iamverys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