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高中英语语法通霸3：独立主格结构和with的复合结构考点1.独立主格结构的构成A.独立主格结构可以看作是把一个分句破坏了谓语前面我们学过，两个分句放在一起而不用句子连词连接只以逗号隔开，这样的句子是错误的（参看P.错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。）。Hishomeworkwasfinished,hewentouttoplay.×这时，我们可以把一个分句的谓语破坏掉，把其谓语变成非谓语或不用动词。上句可以变为：Hishomeworkfinished,hewentouttoplay.这样，这个分句被破坏后就成了独立主格结构。独立主格结构可以使句子更简练，有利于表达复杂内容。破坏谓语的方法：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表结构表原因的，be也可变为being）；不含be的，谓语和主语是主动关系的，把谓语变为现在分词；是被动关系的，把谓语变为过去分词；谓语表将来动作的，变为不定式。练习：合并下列句子，把画线句子改为独立主格结构。1.Hiswifewasill.Hehadtostayathome.2.Hearrivedathome.Hisfacewasred.3.Myhomeworkwasfinished.Iwentouttoplayfootballwithmyfriends.4.Irodeabikealongthestreet.Mydogwasfollowingme.5.Ihadtostayathome.Alotofhomeworkhadtobedone.6.ItrainedlastSunday.Ihadtostayathome.B.独立主格结构的构成①名词(代词)+现在分词（与前面构成主动关系）Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.②名词(代词)+过去分词（与前面构成被动关系）Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.③名词(代词)+不定式（表将来）Hesuggestedgoingforapicnic,Marytoprovidethefood.④名词(代词)+副词Thegameover,thecrowdrushedtotheexit.⑤名词(代词)+形容词Ahuntercamein,hisfaceredwithcold.⑥名词(代词)+介词短语Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.⑦名词(代词)+名词Thevillagers,mostofthemwomenandchildren,werekilledthatnight.考点2.with的复合结构与独立主格结构的区别和联系看下面两个句子：①Withthetrafficlightgreen,thebusgotmoving.（前面粗体部分是with的复合结构）②Thetrafficlightgreen,thebusgotmoving.(前面粗体部分是独立主格结构)可以看出，作状语时，独立主格结构和with的复合结构在用法上是相同的，可以通过添、去with相互转换。但是作定语时，常用with的复合结构。Thewomanwithababyonherbackismyaunt.背上背孩子的那个女的是我阿姨。在独立主格结构中，当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均可以不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但with的复合结构不受限制。Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.Apolicemanranafterhim,withastickinhishand.1.Withalotofdifficultproblems______,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled2.WithallthemagazinesIneeded______,Ileftthepostoffice.A.buyingB.tobuyC.boughtD.tobebought3.Withelectricity______,wecouldn’tdrivethemachine.A.wascutoffB.beingcutoffC.cutoffD.havingcutoff4.Everything______intoconsideration,theybelievedthemselvesmoreandreturnedtotheirpositions.A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking5.______moreandmoreforestsdamaged,someanimalsandplantsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.By6.【2010山东】Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealready______foramealtobecooked.A.laidB.layingC.tolayD.beinglaid7.Manystudents______around,Iexplainedthestoryintodetails.A.stoodB.standingC.tostandD.werestanding8.【2012辽宁】Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog______them.A.tofollowB.followingC.followedD.follows9.TomlookedatJenny,tears______hiseyes,andshoutedthewords______inhisheartforyears.A.filling;havingbeenhiddenB.filled;hiddenC.filling;hiddenD.filled;hiding10.Withtheboy______theway,wehadnotrouble______theway______toZhongshanPark.A.leading;finding;leadingB.tolead;found;toleadC.led;finding;ledD.leading;found;led11.______,hehadtostayathomeq329950885lookingafterher.A.BeingillB.HiswifewasillC.HiswifebeingillD.Becausehewasill12.______,Johnreturnedtoschoolfromhishometown.A.ThesummervacationbeingoverB.ThesummervacationisoverC.BecausethesummervacationoverD.Afterthesummervacationbeingover13.Theoldsickgoatlayontheground,itseyes______anditslegs______.A.closed;trembledB.closing;tremblingC.closed;tremblingD.closing;trembled.14.【2012全国新课标】Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather______.A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permit15.Weleftthemeeting,thereobviously______nopointinstaying.A.wereB.beingC.tobeD.having16.Allflights______becauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.A.werecanceledB.havingbeencanceledC.hadbeencanceledD.havebeencanceled考点3.独立主格结构与定语从句由关系词引导的定语从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语，且不需要连接词。17.Hewrotealotofnovels,noneof______translatedintoaA.themB.whichC.itD.what18.Youcanusealargeplasticbottle,______cutoff,asapottogrowyoungplantsin.A.thetopisB.thetopofwhichC.whosetopD.withitstop19.【2008湖南】Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,______arebeyondourcontrol.A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat20.TheEnglishmayors,mostof______girls,seldomwininthesportscompetitions.A.themB.whomC.theyD.the21.Tofindout,Frischbuiltspecialhives,______onlyonehoney-comb.A.eachwithB.eachhasC.eachiswithD.eachofwhichhaving考点4.独立主格结构与状语从句状语从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语。22.______moreandmoreforestsdestroyed,someanimalsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.A.WithB.ByC.AsD.For23.Youhavenoideahowshefinishedtherelayrace______herfootwoundedsomuch.A.forB.whenC.withD.whileI.单句改错1.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoisewenton.2.ThelargestcollectioneverfoundinEnglandwasoneofabout2,000silverpennies,allofwhich600yearsold.3.Theyhadnowheretolive,becausetheirhousesdestroyedintheearthquake.4.【2005江西】Actually,Ididn’thavetowalkfarbeforeIfoundasmallhousestandinginafieldwithalightshonefromthesittingroom.II.语法填空（每空至多填三词）5.【2011湖北】Withthekey______(hold)inhishand，helookedforthemeverywhere.6.Conditions______（permit）,Iwillteachmyselfasecondforeignlanguage.7.There______(be)norainforalongtime,mostofthecropsinthisareadiedfromlackingwater.8.Withmanyitemssheneeded______(buy)forher50-birthday-party,shewenttothesupermarketwithabigbasket.9.Everywhereyoucanseepeopleintheirholidaydress,theirface______(shine)withsmile.10.【2015江苏】Much