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1浅谈初中英语虚拟语气的用法一．语气的概念英语动词不仅有时态、语态等的变化，而且还有语气的变化。语气和时态、语态一样都是英语的语法现象。从形式上看，语气是动词的一种变化形式。从意义上讲，语气是表示说话人对某一行为或某一事情的看法和态度。根据说话人的意图，语气可分3种：⑴直陈语气（又叫陈述语气）——用来陈述事实（或提问题）等。可以用于陈述句，也可以用于疑问句或感叹句。⑵祈使语气——用来提出请求或命令等。主要用于祈使句。⑶虚拟语气——见下面。语气和时态是截然不同的概念，但语气要通过动词的时态形式表示出来。二．虚拟语气㈠概念通常是表示说话人所说的话不是一种事实，而是一种纯粹的假设、虚拟、主观愿望或建议等。可以用于陈述句，也可以用于疑问句等。㈡动词形式虚拟语气的动词形式大多数情况是用动词（相应）的过去时（相对直陈语气而言）。动词be若用过去式时可以一律用were。㈢应用⑴在含有条件状语从句的复合句中的应用。表示纯粹的假设，或可能性很小的情况。主从句的谓语动词主要形式如下：从句主句对现在或将来的情况假设时过去式would+动词原形对过去的情况假设时had+done（过去完成时）would+have+done例：1）IfIwereyou,I’dwearashirtandtie.2）Whatwouldyoudoifyouhadamilliondollars?3）Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.4）Ifhehadn’tbeenstrictwithhimself,hewouldn’thavemadesuchprogress.⑵在wish等宾语从句中的应用。表示纯粹的主观愿望，不可能实现的，或实现的可能性极小的情况。宾语从句谓语动词根据具体情况常可用一般过去时，过去将来时或过去完成时等。例如：1）IwishthatIcouldhelphimnow.我现在要是能帮上他该多好啊！或我多么希望现在能帮上他！（言下之意：我现在帮不上他，没能力帮助他）2）IwishIcouldcomeheretomorrow.明天我要是能来这儿就好了！（言下之意：我明天根本不可能来这儿，或我明天能来这儿的可能性很小）3）Wewishhehadn’tgone.他要是没有走该多好啊！⑶用在suggest等的宾语从句中，表是纯粹的建议。句型为：suggest(ed)that…(should)+动词原形…（should可省略）1）Hesuggeststhatwe(should)visitthemuseum.2)Wesuggestedthathe_____hereeveryday.A.comeB.comesC.cameD.cancomeE.couldcome虚拟语气的几种特殊用法1.省掉if的条件从句结构：Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.(=Ifhewereatruefriend,he...)(=Iftherewerenowater,…)(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,…)2例句：Withoutyouradvice,ourmeetingwouldn’thavebeensosuccessfully.[过去]（=可转换为：Iftherehadn’tbeenyouradvice,we…）Yournotesarealmostillegible(难以辨认的).Notestypedoutwouldbealoteasiertoread.[将来](=可转换为：Ifthenoteshadbeentypedout,itwouldbealoteasiertoread.)IshouldhavegonetoseeDr.Smithandhemighthavecuredmeofthedisease.[过去](=可转换为：IfhehavegonetoseeDr.Smith,he..)3.有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.五、虚拟语气的其他用法1、Suggest,advise等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：suggest,advise,recommend,demand,require,insist,urge,request,order,+that…(should)+动词原形devide,ask,move,propose等注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。Hesuggestedthatthey(should)stopsmoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时，that引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。Hemadearequestthatthey(should)stopsmoking.如果that引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。Heinsiststhatheisright.2、Itis(was)+necessary,apity等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：imperative,advisable,动词完成式Itis(was)+important,natural,necessary,+that…(should)+essential,strange,等动词原形Itisimportantthatyou(should)followthedoctor’sorders.Itisrightthatyoushouldhavedoneyourhomework.3、wish的用法动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反主语+wish(that)+主语+动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反助动词过去试+动词原形—与将来事实相反IwishIwereapopsinger.(=IamsorryIamnotapopsinger..)IwishIhadneverstoppedteaching.(=IamsorryIstoppedteaching.)Iwishthey’dletusgetsomesleep.注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：（1）Wehopetheywillcome,(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.)（2）Wewishtheycouldcome,(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.)4、asif,asthough,would(had)rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如：Heactsasifnothinghadhappened.Iwouldratheryoudidn’ttellhim.5、It’s(high)timethat…+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：It’stime(that)youhadahaircut.It’shightime(that)wetooksomeaction.3虚拟语气专项练习题(1).IfIyou,Iwouldgobyplane.Flyingismuchfaster.A.beB.wasC.wereD.am(2).IdonotthinkthosepeoplearereallyEnglish.Iftheywere,they____speakwithFrenchaccents.A.don'tB.willnotC.mustn'tD.wouldn't(3)_____today,wouldwebeabletogettherebyTuesday?A.WereweleavingB.IfweleaveC.WouldweleaveD.Werewetoleave(4).IfJone____tomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?A.werenottocomeB.willnotcomeC.wouldnotcomeD.hadnotcome(5).“Shedidn'taskme,soIdidn'thelpher?”“Youmeantosay_____,youwould'vehelpedher?”A.ifsheaskedyouB.ifsheweretoaskyouC.hadsheaskedyouC.wereshetoaskyou(6).Theytooktheinjuredstraighttothehospital.Otherwisesomeofthem_____.A.mighthavediedB.mightdieC.woulddieD.coulddie(7).Iftheyhadknownhim,_____tohim?A.wouldtheyhavetalkedB.wouldtheytalkC.hadtheytalkedD.theywouldtalk(8).IfIlivedinthecity,I____travelincrowededbuses,butI_____toseelotsoffilms.A.shallhaveto/shallbeableB.shallhaveto/amableC.wouldhaveto/wereableD.wouldhaveto/wouldbeable(9).Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert,ifI_____time.A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehad(10)._____Iknowit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.A.HaveB.IfC.HadD.Having(11)._____yourhelp,Iwouldnothavesucceeded.A.BecauseB.BecauseofC.ButD.Butfor(12).“WhatdidMrSmithsayabouthiscareer?”“Onlythatifhe____amillionaire,hewouldhavefewerworries.”A.didnotbecomeB.hadnotbecomeC.doesnotbecomeD.hasnotbecome(13).“Whydidn'tyouhelphim?”“Iwouldhave____Ididn'thavethemoney.”A.stillB.butC.otherwiseD.or(14).“WhoshouldgotoseeLiYing?Heisilltoday.”“IsuggestWangHong_____.”A.goesB.wouldgoC.goD.went(15).Thehousemasterwasstrict.Herequestedthatwe_____televisiononweeknights.A.notwatchB.mustnottowatchC.notbewatchingD.havenotwatch(16).Ican'tspeakJapanese,butIdowishI____.A.canB.couldC.hadD.speak(17).“Areyouenjoyingyourstayhere?’“Yes,verymuch.IwishI_____havetoleavesosoon.”A.won'tB.don'tC.mustn'tD.didn't(18).“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholidays?”“Idon'tknow,butit'sabouttime_____onsomething.”A.I'mdecidingB.I'lldecideC.IdecidedD.I'ddecided(19).I'dratheryou_____anythingabout