Fundamental-Accounting-Principles第18版-第二章

©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinChapter2AnalyzingandRecordingTransactions©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinConceptualLearningObjectivesC1:ExplainthestepsinprocessingtransactionsC2:DescribesourcedocumentsandtheirpurposeC3:DescribeanaccountanditsuseinrecordingtransactionsC4:DescribealedgerandachartofaccountsC5:Definedebitsandcreditsandexplaintheirroleindouble-entryaccounting©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinAnalyticalLearningObjectivesA1:AnalyzetheimpactoftransactionsonaccountsandfinancialstatementsA2:Computethedebtratioanddescribeitsuseinanalyzingfinancialposition©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinProceduralLearningObjectivesP1:RecordtransactionsinajournalandpostentriestoaledgerP2:PrepareandexplaintheuseofatrialbalanceP3:Preparefinancialstatementsfrombusinesstransactions©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinExternalTransactionsoccurbetweentheorganizationandanoutsideparty.InternalTransactionsoccurwithintheorganization.AnalyzingandRecordingProcessExchangesofeconomicconsiderationbetweentwoparties.C1©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinAnalyzeeachtransactionandeventfromsourcedocumentsAnalyzingandRecordingProcessRecordrelevanttransactionsandeventsinajournalPostjournalinformationtoledgeraccountsPrepareandanalyzethetrialbalanceC1©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinSalesTicketsBankStatementsPurchaseOrdersChecksSourceDocumentsBillsfromSuppliersEmployeeEarningsRecordsC2©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinAnaccountisarecordofincreasesanddecreasesinaspecificasset,liability,equity,revenue,orexpenseitem.TheAccountanditsAnalysisThegeneralledgerisarecordcontainingallaccountsusedbythecompany.C3©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinAssetsAccountsAssetsAccountsAssetAccounts=TheAccountanditsAnalysis+LiabilityAccountsLiabilityAccountsLiabilityAccountsEquityAccountsEquityAccountsEquityAccountsC3©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinLandEquipmentBuildingsCashNotesReceivableSuppliesPrepaidAccountsAccountsReceivableAssetAccountsAssetAccountsC3©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinAccruedLiabilitiesUnearnedRevenueNotesPayableAccountsPayableLiabilityAccountsLiabilityAccountsC3©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinEquityAccountsRevenuesOwner’sEquityOwner’sWithdrawalsExpensesEquityAccountsC3Owner’sCapital©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinLiabilitiesEquityAssets=+TheAccountanditsAnalysisOwner’sCapitalOwner'sWithdrawalsRevenuesExpenses++––C3©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinLedgerandChartofAccountsTheledgerisacollectionofallaccountsforaninformationsystem.Acompany’ssizeanddiversityofoperationsaffectthenumberofaccountsneeded.Thechartofaccountsisalistofallaccountsandincludesanidentifyingnumberforeachaccount.AccountNumberAccountNameAccountingNumberAccountingName101Cash302C.Taylor,Withdrawals106Accountsreceivable403Revenues126Supplies406Rentalrevenue128Prepaidinsurance622Salariesexpense167Equipment637Insuranceexpense201Accountingpayable640Rentexpense236Unearnedrevenue652Suppliesexpense301C.Taylor,Capital690UtilitiesexpenseC4©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinAT-accountrepresentsaledgeraccountandisatoolusedtounderstandtheeffectsofoneormoretransactions.DebitsandCredits(Leftside)(Rightside)DebitCreditT-AccountC5©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinLiabilitiesEquityAssets=+Double-EntryAccountingDebitCreditDebitCreditDebitCreditASSETS+-LIABILITIES-+EQUITIES-+C5©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinRevenuesExpensesOwner’sCapitalOwner'sWithdrawals_+_DebitCreditCapital-+DebitCreditOwner'sWithdrawals+-DebitCreditExpenses+-DebitCreditRevenues-+Double-EntryAccountingEquityC5©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinInvestmentbyowner30,000Purchaseofsupplies2,500Consultingservicesrevenuesearned4,200Purchaseofequipment26,000Collectionofaccountsreceivable1,900Paymentofrent1,000Paymentofsalary700Paymentofaccountpayable900Withdrawalbyowner200Totalincreases36,100Totaldecreases31,300Balance4,800CashDouble-EntryAccountingAnaccountbalanceisthedifferencebetweentheincreasesanddecreasesinanaccount.NoticetheT-AccountC5©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinJournalizing&PostingTransactionsStep1:Analyzetransactionsandsourcedocuments.LiabilitiesEquityAssets=+Step2:Applydouble-entryaccounting(Leftside)(Rightside)DebitCreditT-AccountACCOUNTNAME:ACCOUNTNo.DateDescriptionPRDebitCreditBalanceStep4:PostentrytoledgerGENERALJOURNALPage123DateDescriptionPost.Ref.DebitCreditStep3:RecordjournalentryP1©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinGENERALJOURNALPage1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit2007Dec.1Cash30,000C.Taylor,Capital30,000InvestmentbyownerDec.2Supplies2,500Cash2,500PurchasedsuppliesforcashDollaramountofdebitsandcreditsJournalizingTransactionsTransactionDateTransactionexplanationTitlesofAffectedAccountsP1©TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,2007McGraw-Hill/IrwinCASHACCOUNTNo.101DateDescriptionPRDebit