有机化学练习题-完成反应式上-答案

整理文档很辛苦,赏杯茶钱您下走!

免费阅读已结束,点击下载阅读编辑剩下 ...

阅读已结束,您可以下载文档离线阅读编辑

资源描述

1有机化学练习题(上)—答案(完成反应式)500~600oC1.CH2CH3Cl2CHCH3Cl(芳香烃侧链α-H被卤代,自由基取代反应)2.CH3CH=CHCH3NBS,(C6H5COO)2CCl4,CH3CH=CHCH2Br(NBS:N-溴代丁二酰亚胺,溴化试剂,自由基取代反应)+CH3HBrROOR3.CH3Br(自由基加成反应,过氧化物效应,反马氏加成产物,仅适用于HBr)+C=CCH3HCH3HBr24.BrHCH3CH3BrHBrHCH3CH3BrH+(一对对映体,形成外消旋体)(亲电加成反应,经过溴翁离子中间体,立体化学为反式加成,反-2-丁烯与溴加成生成一个内消旋体)()()CH35.CH3CO3HNa2CO3H+,H2OCH3O(+)CH3OHOHH(+)(过氧化物氧化双键,环氧化物酸性条件下开环水解,生成反式邻二醇)6.H2C=CHCH2CH2CH=CH2Hg(OAc)2NaBH4H2OCH3CHCH2CH2CHCH3OHOH(羟汞化-脱汞还原反应生成醇,不重排,马氏加成产物)7.CH3CH3HOCl+CH3CH3OHCl(+)CH3ClOHCH3(亲电加成,反面加成)8.()HCl+Cl-Cl+重排CH3CH=CHCH2CH=CHCCl3Cl29.CH3CHCHCH2CH=CHCCl3ClCl(亲电加成反应优先发生在电子云密度较高的双键上)CH3B2H6H2O2/OH-1210.()(+)OHCH3HH(硼氢化氧化反应,反马氏加成产物,顺式加成)2冷OH-KMnO411.OHOH(生成顺式邻二醇)()12.COOHCOOH+不反应(S—反式共轭双烯不能发生D-A反应)13.()OOONH+ONHOO(D-A反应,注意键连位置和立体化学特征)()14.+CH3CHOCH3CHO(D-A反应,邻对位产物为主,立体构型保持)15.HCH3BrBrCH3CH2CH3ZnCCCH3HCH3CH3CH2(邻二卤代物消除反应,反式共平面消除)16.CCH3CH3CH2CH2CNa/NH3(l)CCCH3HHCH3CH2CH2(炔烃在Na/NH3作用下还原生成反式烯烃)17.CH2=CHCH2CH2CCHH21molCH3CH2CH2CH2CCH(优先还原C=C双键)18.CH2=CHCCHH21molCH2=CHCH=CH2(当能形成稳定的共轭体系时,可先还原双键)19.CCH3CH2=CHCHCOHPd/BaSO4喹啉CH2=CHCHOHCCCH3HH(Lindlar催化剂作用下,炔烃还原成顺式烯烃)20.ClCH3COClOAlCl3ClCH3COO(F-K酰基化反应不在带有强吸电子芳环上发生)21.+AlCl3(F-K烷基化反应,烷基化试剂可以是卤代烃、烯烃、醇等,经过碳正离子中间体,易重排)3()22.+CH3COClNO2AlCl3不反应9(当芳环上带有强吸电子基时,不能发生F-K酰基化反应)23.()()CH2=CCH=CH2CH3+CH2=CHCHONaBH4CHOCH3CH2OHCH3(D-A反应,邻对位产物为主,NaBH4只还原羰基)NO2Br2Fe24.NO2Br(亲电取代反应易发生在电子云密度较高的苯环上)+25.CH3CH3CH2CH2CClOAlCl3ZnHgHClCH3CCH2CH2CH3OCH3CH2CH2CH2CH3(F-K酰基化反应,发生在邻或对位)26.CH3CCH3CH3CH2OHZnCl2/HClCH3CCH3CH2CH3Cl(当碳正离子相邻的为叔碳时,极易发生重排)27.ClCH2CH2CH2CH2OHNaOHO(分子内的SN2反应)H+28.CH3CH=CHCH2CH2OHCH3CH=CHCH=CH2(醇在酸作用下脱水消除生成烯烃)29.CH3ClCH3NaOHC2H5OHCH3CH3(E2反应,反式共平面消除,查依采夫规则)30.CH3BrC6H5OHHHC2H5ONaHOC2H5C6H5CH3OHH+HC2H5OC6H5CH3HOH(亲核取代反应,发生邻基参与)31.BrBrKOH/C2H5OH(邻二卤代物在碱的醇溶液中发生消除时生成二烯烃,不能生成碳碳三键)32.DHNaI丙酮HOCCH2CH3TsCl吡啶TsOCCH2CH3DHDHCICH3CH2,(先生成磺酸酯,构型不变,再发生SN2反应,构型翻转)433.CH3BrCDHNaI丙酮DHCCH3I(SN2反应,构型翻转)34.+CH3BrCH3CH2CH2CH3CCNaCH3C(CH3)2C=CHCH2CH3(三级卤代烃在炔钠作用下主要发生消除反应)35.HHBrC2H5CH3CH3NaI丙酮IHHC2H5CH3CH3(卤素交换反应,SN2,构型翻转)36.NO2ClClO2NNaOCH3CH3OHO2NNO2CH3OCl(芳香环上卤素被取代的反应只有在强吸电子基的邻对位才能发生,间位不发生反应)OHOHH+37.O(频呐醇重排反应,烷基迁移,缩环反应)CH3OHH2SO438.OH2+H2O++or39.12O3Zn/H2OOOOO(Claisen重排反应,烯丙基乙烯基醚发生3,3-σ迁移)OHCH3H3CC6H5CH3OHH+40.C6H5HOCH3CH3CH3HO及其对映体(环氧化合物酸性开环反应,反面进攻含氢较少的碳原子)12OHCH3HHH3+OCH3Li41.CH3HCH3CH2HOCH2CH3CH3HHO(环氧化合物碱性开环反应,反面进攻位阻较小的碳原子)42.C2H5CHOCH=CHCH3OHCHCH=CHCH2CH3CH3(Claisen重排反应,烯丙基芳基醚发生3,3-σ迁移)43.H+OHHOOOO5(空间条件许可时,可发生分子内亲核反应,生成缩酮)44.CH3CH2CH2NH2+OH2/PtNCH2CH2CH3NHCH2CH2CH3(酮与伯胺反应生成亚胺,催化加氢生成仲胺)45.CH3CCH(CH3)2OLDATHF,H2O-78C。C6H5CHOCH2=CCH2CH3OLiCH=CHCCH2CH3O(LDA为位阻碱,位阻小的碳形成负离子,生成的产物极易脱水,形成共轭体系)46.12CH3COHC6H5CHC2H5MgBrH3+OCH3HHOPhC2H5CH3PhHHC2H5HOCH3HHC2H5C6H5HO(醛酮亲核加成反应的立体化学特征符合Cram规则)47.OCF3CO3HOO(Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应,将酮氧化成酯)H+48.H+H2OOCH3CH3OOCH3OH2OH+OCH3OHOOHOH2O(烯醇醚极易水解,半缩醛水解脱水)49.H3+OOOOHOHOHO+CH3CH3C=CHCH2OCH=CH2Ph3P=CHOCH3H3+O50.CH2=CHCCH2CHOCH3CH3CH2=CHCCH2CH2CHOCH3CH3CH2=CHCCH2CH=CHOCH3CH3CH3(第一步Claisen重排,第二步Wittig反应,第三步乙烯基醚水解生成醛)12H3+OCH3LiO51.HOCH3(α,β不饱和醛酮与RLi主要发生1,2-加成反应)52.O(CH3)2CuLiOCH3(α,β不饱和醛酮与R2CuLi主要发生1,4-加成反应)53.H2NiCH2CH2CH36(催化加氢反应,三元环与C=C双键类似,易开环加成,苯环较稳定)54.+CH3CONH2OHH+CCH3NOHNHCOCH3(酮与羟胺反应生成肟,在酸性条件下发生Beckman重排生成酰胺)55.+CHOC2H5OH/H2ONaOHCH3CH2CC(CH3)3OCH=CCH3CC(CH3)3O(交叉羟醛缩合反应)CHOKMnO456.COOHCOOHO+(KMnO4能使C=C,—CHO氧化)57.CCH2OHHCCrO3,H2SO4H2OCCHOHC(Sarrett试剂选择性氧化—OH,不饱和双键,叁键不受影响)58.CrO3,H2SO4H2OOHHCH3COCH3,O59.OC6H5OHCHC6H5(C5H5N)2.CrO3CH2Cl2OC6H5CC6H5O(Jones试剂选择性氧化羟基,环氧不受影响)60.HOCH2CH2CH2CH2CCH3OCH3CH2MgBr+BrMgOCH2CH2CH2CH2CCH3OCH3CH3+61.+CH3CCH2CH2CH2COOHOCH3MgBrCH3CCH2CH2CH2COOMgBrO+CH462.+CCH2CH2CH2CHOHCMgBr+CCH2CH2CH2CHOBrMgC(60~62:格氏试剂优先与活泼H(醇,羧酸,炔烃,氨等)反应)63.CCH3OCH3CHOHI2,NaOHCOONaNaOOC+CHI364.+ONHCH3SO3H苯,N(仲胺与醛酮在酸性条件下反应生成烯胺)65.+C6H5CC6H5ONaHSO3()饱和不反应7(只有醛,脂肪族甲基酮,8个碳以下的环酮才能与HCN,饱和亚硫酸氢钠反应)66.CHCH3CH3CH=CHOH[(CH3)3CO]3AlCH3COCH3,CCH3CH3CH=CHO(Oppenauer氧化,选择性氧化羟基,C=C不受影响)67.CH3CCH3OMg/C6H6H2OAl2O32CH3CCH3CCH3CH3OHOHCH2=CC=CH2CH3CH3(酮双分子还原形成频纳醇,脱水形成共轭双烯)H+68.CH3CCH3OMgHg/THFTiCl4ZnHgHClCH3CCH3CCH3CH3OHOHCH3CCH3CCH3CH3OCH3CCH3CH2CH3CH3110oCH+69.NOHHHNOH(肟在酸性条件下发生Beckman重排,与—OH反位的烷基迁移,生成酰胺)NaOH70.CHOCHOCHO(分子内羟醛缩合反应)71.OOCH(CH2)5CCH3OOCH(CH2)5CH2CH3O()H+/H2O()NH2NH2NaOHCH3(CH2)6CHO二缩乙二醇(缩醛酸性条件下易水解,不能用Clemmenson还原法)H2SO472.OC2H5OCHOCHOC2H5CH2OHCOOHC2H5NaOHH+/H2O(分子内Cannizzaro反应,第二步发生分子内酯化反应)73.CH3CH2CCH3OCl2(mol)H2O,HOAc+1CH3CHCCH3OCl(酮在酸性条件下的卤代反应优先在取代较多的碳上发生,卤代易停留在一元阶段)74.(CH3)3CCCH3OBr2,NaOH过量(CH3)3CCCOONaO+CHBr3(酮在碱性条件下的卤代反应优先在取代较少的碳上发生,发生多卤代,生成卤仿))75.2CH3OBr2,NaOHmolCH3OBrBr876.+CHOO2NCH3CHONaOHCH=CHCHOO2N(交叉羟醛缩合反应)77.OHOHCH3CCH3OHCl干+OO(羰基与顺式邻二醇反应生成缩酮(丙酮叉))78.+OCNaCH3CH2CHOCCCH2CH3(炔钠作为亲核试剂与羰基发生亲核加成反应)CH2=CCH2CH3OLi79.CH3CCH(CH3)2OLDATHF,CH3CH2CHOH2O-78()CH3CH2CH=CHCCH2CH3O80.HI()过量OICH2CH2CH2I(醚键在HI作用下断裂生成HOCH2CH2CH2I,羟基进一步被—I取代)81.()()(CH3)2CHONa(CH3)2CHOCH3HI浓1mol+()CH3I(CH3)2CHOHCH3I(醚键优先在甲氧基一端断裂)82.CH3CH3OHBrHOCH2CH2CBrCH3CH3(环醚在HBr作用下醚键断裂,SN1反应)83.+CHOOCH=PPh3OCH=CH(Wittig反应)84.OHOHCH3COOHH+OCOCH3OH(酚羟基不能被羧酸酯化,需要在酸酐或酰氯作用下才能反应)OCH3O2NHI1mol85.OHO2N+CH3I(酚醚键的断裂不能在酚氧一边)

1 / 8
下载文档,编辑使用

©2015-2020 m.777doc.com 三七文档.

备案号:鲁ICP备2024069028号-1 客服联系 QQ:2149211541

×
保存成功