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1OGAppliedArtsandFineArtsSincethelawsofphysics,notsomearbitrarydecision,havedeterminedthegeneralformofapplied-artobjects,theyfollowbasicpatterns,somuchsothatfunctionalformscanvaryonlywithincertainlimits.翻译原文：由于物理法则并不是随意武断的抉择，它决定了应用艺术品的总体形式，它们如此遵循基本样式以至于功能形式只有限定的几种变化句子逻辑关系词：since,only2.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentence?Incorrectanswerchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.○Functionalapplied-artobjectscannotvarymuchfromthebasicpatternsdeterminedbythelawsofphysics.○Thefunction(generalform)ofapplied-artobjectsisdeterminedbybasicpatternsinthelawsofphysics.○Sincefunctionalapplied-artobjectsvaryonlywithincertainlimits,arbitrarydecisionscannothavedeterminedtheirgeneralform.逻辑关系不对○Thegeneralformofapplied-artobjectsislimitedbysomearbitrarydecisionthatisnotdeterminedbythelawsofphysics.TheOriginsofCetaceansThestructureofthebackboneshows,however,thatAmbulocetusswamlikemodernwhalesbymovingtherearportionofitsbodyupanddown,eventhoughaflukewasmissing.翻译原文：然而脊椎骨的结构表明Ambulocetus，尽管没有fluke，像现代鲸鱼一样通过使后半部分身体上下运动游泳。句子逻辑关系词：eventhough10.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.○EventhoughAmbulocetusswambymovingitsbodyupanddown,itdidnothaveabackbone.逻辑有问题○ThebackboneofAmbulocetus,whichallowedittoswim,providesevidenceofitsmissingfluke.○AlthoughAmbulocetushadnofluke,itsbackbonestructureshowsthatitswamlikemodernwhales.○Bymovingtherearpartsoftheirbodiesupanddown,modernwhalesswiminadifferentwayfromthewayAmbulocetusswam.DesertFormationTheextremeseriousnessofdesertificationresultsfromthevastareasoflandandthetremendousnumbersofpeopleaffected,aswellasfromthegreatdifficultyofreversingorevenslowingtheprocess.翻译原文：沙漠化的极端严重性源于大片的土地、大量受灾人口以及逆转甚至只是减缓这一进程的难度。句子逻辑关系词：resultsfrom10.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.2○Desertificationisasignificantproblembecauseitissohardtoreverseandaffectslargeareasoflandandgreatnumbersofpeople.○Slowingdowntheprocessofdesertificationisdifficultbecauseofpopulationgrowththathasspreadoverlargeareasofland.漏平行信息○Thespreadofdesertsisconsideredaveryseriousproblemthatcanbesolvedonlyiflargenumbersofpeopleinvariouscountriesareinvolvedintheeffort.没说过○Desertificationisextremelyhardtoreverseunlessthepopulationisreducedinthevastareasaffected.没说过EarlyCinemaHerefusedtodevelopprojectiontechnology,reasoningthatifhemadeandsoldprojectors,thenexhibitorswouldpurchaseonlyonemachine-aprojector-fromhiminsteadofseveral.翻译原文：他拒绝发展投影技术，因为如果他制作并销售投影仪，展览者们就只会从他这里买一种机器即投影机而不是几种机器句子逻辑关系词：only3.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentencefromthepassage?Incorrectanswerchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.○Edisonwasmoreinterestedindevelopingavarietyofmachinesthanindevelopingatechnologybasedononlyone.○Edisonrefusedtoworkonprojectiontechnologybecausehedidnotthinkexhibitorswouldreplacetheirprojectorswithnewermachines.○Edisondidnotwanttodevelopprojectiontechnologybecauseitlimitedthenumberofmachineshecouldsell.○Edisonwouldnotdevelopprojectiontechnologyunlessexhibitorsagreedtopurchasemorethanoneprojectorfromhim.AggressionForexample,peoplewhobelievethataggressionisnecessaryandjustified-asduringwartime-arelikelytoactaggressively,whereaspeoplewhobelievethataparticularwaroractofaggressionisunjust,orwhothinkthataggressionisneverjustified,arelesslikelytobehaveaggressively.翻译原文：比如，那些认为侵略行为是必要且公正的——就如在战争时期一半——的人表现得更有侵略性；而那些认为特定战争或侵略行为不公正的人表现得没那么有侵略性。句子逻辑关系词：Whereas8.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectanswerchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.○Peoplewhobelievethattheyarefightingajustwaractaggressivelywhilethosewhobelievethattheyarefightinganunjustwardonot.○Peoplewhobelievethataggressionisnecessaryandjustifiedaremorelikelytoactaggressivelythanthosewhobelievedifferently.○Peoplewhonormallydonotbelievethataggressionisnecessaryandjustifiedmayactaggressivelyduringwartime.3○Peoplewhobelievethataggressionisnecessaryandjustifieddonotnecessarilyactaggressivelyduringwartime.ArtisansandIndustrializationApprenticeswereconsideredpartofthefamily,andmasterswereresponsiblenotonlyforteachingtheirapprenticesatradebutalsoforprovidingthemsomeeducationandforsupervisingtheirmoralbehavior.翻译原文：学徒被认为是家庭中的一份子，师父不止对教导学徒技能负责，同时也对给他们提供一些教育和监督他们思想品德负责。句子逻辑关系词：notonlybutalso2.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectanswerchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.○Mastersdemandedmoralbehaviorfromapprenticesbutoftentreatedthemirresponsibly.○Theresponsibilitiesofthemastertotheapprenticewentbeyondtheteachingofatrade.○Masterspreferredtomaintainthetradewithinthefamilybysupervisingandeducatingth