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1.Onlythewaterresourcewassuitedatalltothecontinuousoperatingofmachines,andalthoughwaterpoweraboundedinLancashireandScotlandandrangrainmillsaswellastextilemills,ithadonegreatdisadvantages:Streamsflowedwherenatureintendedthemtoandwater-drivenfactorieshadtobelocatedontheirbankswhetherornotthelocationwasdesirableforotherreasons.A.RunningwaterwasthebestpowersourceforfactoriessinceitcouldkeepmachinesoperatingcontinuouslybutsinceitwasaboundedinLancashireandScotland,mostmillsandfactoriesthatwerelocatedelsewherecouldnotbewaterdriven.B.Thedisadvantageofusingwaterpoweristhatstreamsdonotnecessarilyflowinplacesthataremostsuitableforfactories,whichexplainswhysomanywater-poweredgrainandtextilemillswerelocatedinundesirableplaces.C.Sincemachinescouldbeoperatedcontinuouslyonlywhererunningwaterwasabundant,grainandtextilemillsaswellasotherfactoriestendedtobelocatedonlyinLancashireandScotland.D.Runningwaterwastheonlysourceofpowerthatwassuitableforcontinuousoperationofmachines,buttomakeuseofitfactorieshadtobelocatedwherethewaterwas,regardlessofwhethersuchlocationsmadesenseotherwise.ReferenceQuestion指代题：1、要求考生理解某个单词和它在文章中所指代的内容之间的关系。2、要求考生找出某个代词所指代的内容。考查的单词如下：人称代词：he、she、they、them物主代词：his、hers、theirs、its关系代词：which指示代词：this、that不定代词：someBotanistsalsodisagreeonthemechanismsofdigestion.Somethinkthataplantmustutilizeenzymesthatitproducestodigesttheinsectsinordertobeconsideredcarnivorous.ThewordsomeinthepassagereferstoA、AfewplantB、thesecharacters1.主从复合句中的指代在主从复合句中，第二句的代词主语经常指代第一句的名词主语。例如，Thefinsarestiff,smooth,andnarrow,qualitiesthatalsohelpcutdrag.Whennotinuse,thefinsaretuckedintospecialgroovesordepressionssothattheylieflushwiththebodyanddonotbreakupitssmoothcontours.Thewordtheyinthepassagereferstoqualitiesfinsgroovesdepressions在这一例子中，从句sothatthey…中的代词主语they指代主句的名词主语thefins，因此第二个选项为正确答案。2.并列动词中的指代如果一个句中有两个并列的动词，第二个动词的代词宾语经常指代前一个动词后的名词宾语。例如，Artistsarerecognizingthedistinctionbetweenpublicandprivatespaces,andtakingthatintoaccountwhenexecutingtheirpubliccommissions.Theword“that”inline27refersto(A)contemporaryart(B)opportunity(C)audience(D)distinction句中有两个并列的动词recognizing和taking(intoaccount)，其中recognizing的宾语是distinction，而taking的宾语是that.根据上述技巧，that指代distinction.因此，(D)为正确答案。4.所有格的指代所有格代词经常指代其前面与其最接近的名词。例如，Folk-madeobjectsgivewaytotheirpopularequivalent,usuallybecausethepopularitemismorequicklyorcheaplyproduced,iseasierortimesavingtouse,orlendsmoreprestigetotheowner.Theword“their”inline1refersto(A)folk(B)nations(C)countries(D)objects根据所有格指代的解题技巧，their指代前面位置最近的名词objects，因此(D)为正确答案。5.指代的接力棒现象这一现象是指被考的代词对应前面一个相同的代词，而前面的代词指代更前一句中的名词。例如，Whilesuchinterviewscanbehighlyentertaining,theyarenotnecessarilyanaccurateindicationofpublicopinion.First,theyreflecttheopinionsofonlythosepeoplewhoappearatacertainlocation.Theword“they”inline8refersto(A)NorthAmericans(B)newsshows(C)interviews(D)opinions在这一例子中，第二句中的代词they(reflecttheopinions…)对应第一句中的they(arenot…)，而第一个they指代前面从句中的名词主语interviews，那么第二个they也指代interviews，因此(C)为正确答案。Passage:“…Theselawsareuniversalintheirapplication,regardlessofculturalbeliefs,geography,orclimate.Ifpotshavenobottomsorhavelargeopeningsintheirsides,theycouldhardlybeconsideredcontainersinanytraditionalsense.Sincethelawsofphysics,notsomearbitrarydecision,havedeterminedthegeneralformofapplied-artobjects,theyfollowbasicpatterns,somuchsothatfunctionalformscanvaryonlywithincertainlimits…”ThewordtheyinthepassagereferstoA.applied-artobjectsB.thelawsofphysicsC.containersD.thesidesofpots正确答案是A。Passage：“…ThefirstweeklynewspaperinthecolonieswastheBostonGazette,establishedin1719,thesameyearthatmarkedtheappearanceofPhiladelphia’sfirstnewspaper,theAmericanMercury,wheretheyoungBenjaminFranklinworked.By1760Bostonhad4newspapersand5otherprintingestablishments;Philadelphia,2newspapersand3otherpresses;andNewYork,3newspapers.Thedistribution,ifnotthesale,ofnewspaperswasassistedbytheestablishmentofapostalservicein1710,whichhadanetworkofsome65officesby1770,servingall13colonies…”ThewordwhichinthepassagereferstoA.distributionB.saleC.newspaperD.postalservice正确答案是D。