英语句子成分分析分析解析

句子的构成基本句型主语+系动词+表语（主系表）主语+不及物动词+（其他成分）主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补句子成分主语谓语宾语表语宾补定语状语同位语ItoldmybestfriendTomtopickmeupattheairport.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语↓宾语补足语句子成分英文名说明常用词类例句主语subject句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体（人或事物）名词、代词,动名词,不定式,从句等Iamastudent.谓语predicate表示主语的动作或状态动词Youreadthebook.表语predicative放在连系动词后表示主语的身份或特征。名词、代词、形容词,动名词,分词,不定式,介词短语,从句等Sheisateacher.宾语object表示及物动词动作的对象名词、代词,动名词,不定式,从句等Mikedidthejob.定语attribute限定或修饰名词、代词等形容词,动名词,分词不定式,介词短语,从句等Theblackdogbarks.状语adverbial修饰动词形容词副词之用，表示时间地点状态程度等含义副词,形容词,分词,不定式,介词短语,从句等Runquickly.句子成分英文名说明常用词类例句宾语补足语complement对宾语进行补充说明，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。名词、形容词,分词,不定式介词短语等Ifindthebookveryboring.同位语appositive对前面的名词或代词做进一步解释。名词、数词、代词或从句ThisisMr.Li,ourheadmaster.Thenewsthatheisillworriesus.独立成分Independentelements与全句没有什么语法关系，有感叹词、肯定与否定的答语、插入语、呼语等感叹词副词短语Oh,hello,Ithink,totellyouthetruth,Mr.Li,YourMajesty,Mum.Yes,no㈠主语Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.㈡谓语简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwellShehasn’treceivedthee-mailyet.㈢表语在系动词后的部分就是表语常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,look,get,grow,keep,turn,become,come,go,remain，etc.Theappletastessweet.1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.3.Timeisprecious.4.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.5.Whowasthefirst?6.Heisoutofcondition.7.ThebookiswhatIneed.㈣宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.Hegavemesomebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●Pleasepassmethebook.●Heboughtmesomeflowers.●Ilikemyjob.●Iloveyou.●Hewantedtoleavehere.●Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.●Ididn’tknowwhentoswitchthemachineoff.●ShewonderedwhyJimwassoangrywithher.㈤宾语补足语Wemustkeepitasecret.Ifoundthebookinteresting.Pleasekeepthedogout.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Shehadanarmbrokenintheaccident.Hemadehimselfknowntothem.主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补.Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.→Hewasseenplayingneartheriver.Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam.→Thestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexam.Weelectedhimmonitor.→Hewaselectedmonitor.Hepushedthedooropen.→Thedoorwaspushedopen.㈥定语Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknownBetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Imetafriendonmywayhome.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)(副词)Thegirlinredishissister.（介词短语）Wehavealotofworktodo.（不定式短语）Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishissister.（现在分词短语）Thebridgebuiltonlyoneyearagoisbroken.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?(从句)㈦状语用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.Healwayscomeslatetoschool.基本句型主语+系动词+表语（主系表）主语+不及物动词+其他成分(主谓)主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（主谓双宾）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补简单句的五种形式S+PIamastonished.S+VAlbertEinstein’snameneverdies.Thebooksellswell.S+V+ORagalikessports,gardeningandplayingthedrums.S+V+o+OCanyoutellmethewaytothestation?S+V+O+CWecallhimawalkingdictionary.Hewent.Hewentthere.Hewentthereyesterday.Hewenttheretoseehismotheryesterday.Hewenttheretoseehismotherillinhospitalbybikeyesterday.Exercises:分析句子结构Youareastudent.Hefelthappytoday.Whatyousaidmademehappy.CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.Helikespopmusic.Istayedawakeuntil11:30oneeveninginordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonforoncebymyself.Annenamedherdiarykittybecauseshethoughtitwasherbestfriend.1.Timefliesfast.2.Therewillbeagoodmealforusatouraunt’s.3.Theriverosetenfeetinthenight.4.Iheardhimshout.5.Heboughtsomesweetsforhisson.6.Iprefermycoffeehot.7.Don’tworryaboutme;justtakecareofyourself.8.Youcanrelyonhimtodoanythingthatisnecessary.9.Alotofnoiseisgoingonoutside.10.Thelittlegirlcandressherselfnow.11.Itwasapitythatyoudidn’twatchthatwonderfulmatch.12.Ifeltmyheartbeatrapidly.13.Doyouwanttocometotheparty?14.Weshoulddosomethingtohelpthestudentsindifficulties.15.Howlonghaveyouworkedinthehospital?三、自我测试1、选择题。1.Shetriedhard,butshestillcouldn'tmakeus________ourmind.A.tochangeB.changedC.changeD.changing2.Whentheoldladyisaloneinthehouse,herdogmakesherfeel______andrelaxed.A.healthyB.lonelyC.safeD.angry3.AsEdisongrew______,heneverlosthisinterestinscience.A.theelderB.elderC.theolderD.older4.It’snotpolitetostandbyandlookedattheoldman_____.A.ismadefunofB.beingmadefunofC.ismadefunD.beingmadefun5.Theoldmovieremindedthem_____thewonderfultimetheyhadspenttogether.A.toB.forC.inD.of6.I'dliketo________youressaywithyouwhenyouhavetime.A.gooverB.gobyC.goforD.goafter7.Thereportshowedusveryclearlyhowtheplanegot_______andcrashedintheend.A.intocontrolB.withincontrolC.outofcontrolD.undercontrol8.Mostofthemachinesintheworkshop__________nextmonth.A.arerepairedB.havebeenrepairedC.