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GreekStories•TheoriginofGreekmythology•ThecharactersinGreekmythology•ThesignificanceofGreekmythology•TheoriginofGreekmythologyGreeceisamountainouspeninsulaintheMediterraneanSea.Itincludeshundredsofrockyislandsoffthecoast.ButthepeopleofancientGreecesettledoveramuchwiderarea,fromsouthernFrancetoAsiaMinor(nowTurkey).Everywheretheywent,theybroughttheirlanguageandtraditionswiththem.Greece帕特农神庙Parthenon厄瑞克提翁神庙的女像柱Caryatid埃皮道鲁斯剧场GreekmythologyTheGreekmythologyistheoralandwrittenmythofalltheGreekgods,heroes,thenatureandhistoryofthecosmos.TheancientGreekmythistheproductofthespiritoftheoriginalsociety,andisalsotheearliestformofliteratureinthewesternworld.ItwasproducedinthetwelfthCenturyBCtotheeighthCenturyBC,includingtheoriginoftheworld、thebattleofthegods、loveandquarrel,andtheinfluenceofthemortalworld.•ThecharactersinGreekmythologyTheancientGreekworshipedmanygods.Greekgodscanbedividedintoseveralgroups.TheearliestgroupwasTitans,ledbyCronus.ThemostpowerfulgroupwastheOlympians.TheOlympiansareagroupof12godswhoruledaftertheoverthrowoftheTitans.AlltheOlympiansarerelatedinsomeway.TheyarenamedaftertheirdwellingplaceMountOlympus.古希腊崇拜很多神,古希腊的神被分为几组,最古老一组的被称为泰坦,由克罗诺斯领导。最强大的一组被称为奥林匹斯山神。奥林匹斯山神由１２个神组成，他们颠覆了泰坦时期的规律。所有的奥林匹斯山神在某个方面都有着或多或少的联系。他们的名字来自于他们居住的奥林匹斯。Cronus(克罗诺斯):天空之神。Rhea(瑞亚):时光女神。Oceanus(俄刻阿诺斯):水之神。Tethys(泰西斯):沧海女神。俄刻阿诺斯之妻。Crius(克瑞斯):生长之神。Lapetus(伊阿佩托斯):灵魂之神。阿忒拉斯、普罗米修斯、厄庇米修斯和墨诺提俄斯之父。Phoebe(福柏):月之女神。月之女神勒托与阿斯特瑞亚之母。Coeus(科俄斯):智力之神。Themis(忒弥斯):秩序和正义女神。宙斯第二位妻子,时序三女神母。Mnemosyne(谟涅摩叙涅):记忆之神。宙斯第五位妻子,九缪斯之母。Hyperion(许配利翁):光之神Thea(忒亚):许配利翁之妻。TheTitansZeus(宙斯):thegodofthesky.Poseidon(波塞冬):thegodofthesea.Hera(赫拉):thegoddessofmarriageandchildbirth.Demeter(得墨忒耳):thegoddessofgrainandfoison(丰收).Hestia(赫斯提亚):thegoddessofthehearth(灶台).Ares(阿瑞斯):thegodofwar.Hermes(赫尔墨斯):thegodofherdingandmessenger.Hephaestus(赫斯菲托斯):thegodoffireandtheforge(熔炉).Apollo(阿波罗):thegodofsun.Artemis(阿尔忒弥斯):thegoddessofthehunt,themoon,andthenaturalenvironment.Athena(雅典娜):thegoddessofintelligentandcraft.Aphrodite(阿弗洛狄德):thegoddessoflove,desireandbeauty.TheGodsZeus宙斯ZeuswastheFatherofGodsandmenwhoruledtheOlympiansofMountOlympusasafatherruledthefamily.HeisthegodofskyandthunderinGreekmythology.ZeusisthechildofCronusandRhea,andtheyoungestofhissiblings.Hissymbolsarethethunderbolt,eagle,bullandoak.HewasmarriedtoHera,butwasfamousforhismanyaffairs.Poseidon波塞冬Poseidonisthegodofthesea,and,asEarth-Shaker,ofearthquakesinGreekmythology.Heiswidelyworshipedbyseamen.hewasintegratedintotheOlympiangodsasthebrotherofZeusandHades.Hisweaponisatrident(三叉戟),whichcanshaketheearthandshatter(粉碎)anyobject.Hades哈迪斯Heisthegodoftheunderworld.Becauseofhisassociationwiththeunderworld,Hadesisofteninterpretedinmoderntimesasthepersonificationofdeath,eventhoughhewasnot.HeisthebrotherofZeusandPoseidon.HehadonlyonewifewhosenamewasPersephone.Hera赫拉HeraisthewifeandoneofthreesistersofZeus.Sheisthegoddessofmarriageandchildbirth.Herawasknownforherjealousandvengefulnature,mostnotablyagainstZeus'loversandoffspring.ParisoffendedherbychoosingAphroditeasthemostbeautifulgoddess,earningHera'shatred.Demeter得墨忒耳Demeteristhegoddessofgrainandfoison.SheisthewifeandoneofthreesistersofZeus.HerdaughterPersephonewaskidnappedbyHades.Hestia赫斯提亚Hestia,firstdaughterofCronusandRhea,isthegoddessofthehearth(灶台）,andoftherightorderingofdomesticity（家庭生活）.OfalltheOlympians,sheisthemildest,mostuprightandmostcharitable（仁慈的）Ares阿瑞斯AresistheGreekgodofwar.HeisthesonofZeusandHera.InGreekliterature,heoftenrepresentsthephysicalorviolentaspectofwar.Hermes赫尔墨斯HermesisthegreatmessengerofthegodsinGreekmythologyandaguidetotheUnderworld.Heisthegodofherdingandcommerce.HeisthecleverestandfastestoftheOlympiangods.Hephaestus赫菲斯托斯Unlikemostothergods,Hephaestusislame,whichisthegodoffireandtheforge.Heisuglybutkind-hearted.HiswifewasAphroditewhowasthemostbeauitfulgoddness.Apollo阿波罗ApolloisthesonofZeusandLeto(暗夜女神).Apolloisagodoflightandthesun,truthandprophecy(预言）,medicine,healing,plague（瘟疫）,andmusic.Artemis阿尔忒弥斯SheisthedaughterofZeusandLetoandhertwinbrotherisApollo.Sheisthegoddessofthehunt,themoon,chastity（贞洁）,andthenatureenvironment.Sheistheprotectoroftheyoungwomen.Athena雅典娜DaughterofZeus.Sheisthegoddessofwisdom,war,andcraft.Sheinventedthebridle（缰绳）,thetrumpet（小号）,theflute,thepot,theplow（犁）,theshipandsoon.Sheistheembodiment（化身）ofwisdom,reason,andpurity.Aphrodite阿弗洛狄德Sheisthegoddessoflove,desireandbeauty.ShewasmarriedtoHephaestusbutlovedAres.Inadditiontohernaturalgifts,shehasamagicalgirdle（腰带）thatcompels（迫使）anyoneshewishestodesireher.•ThesignificanceofGreekmythologyTheGreekmythhasagreatinfluenceonWesternculture.DuringtheRenaissanceinEurope,theliteraryworksofthisperiodhasanimportanteffect.Itprovidesvaluablematerialforthelaterwriters,andhasenrichedthepaintingandsculpturetheme.Italsoincreasesalotofwordsandphrasesofthewesternlanguage.Influence在心理学方面，弗洛伊德借用误犯杀父娶母罪的俄狄浦斯王的故事创造了俄狄浦斯情结（Oedipuscomplex）一词，在精神分析中指以本能冲动为核心的一种欲望。在文艺理论方面，二十世纪中叶涌现出一批以诺思罗普弗赖伊（NorthropeFrye）为首的文艺理论家，认为一切文学类型以及所有作品的每个情节布局，包括表面看来极其复杂和十分真实的作品，无不重复某些神话原型人物和神话的基本公式。在语言学方面，有些词汇，如chaotic（混乱的）、hypnot