基于蚁群算法的邯郸市世佳连锁超市配送路线优化问题研究

谨以此论文献给我亲爱的导师、家人和朋友！基于蚁群算法的邯郸市世佳连锁超市配送路线优化问题研究摘要配送路线优化问题逐渐成为物流管理领域关注的热点问题，其本质是车辆路径优化问题。本文主要研究的是连锁超市配送路线优化问题，连锁超市的配送具有复杂性、风险高、小批量、频次多等鲜明特点。这些特点成为导致连锁超市的配送成本居高不下，配送效率低下的重要原因。邯郸市世佳连锁超市作为一家国内连锁经营企业，其配送存在着许多零售连锁企业共同拥有的问题，如小批量、多频次配送导致的配送成本的增加，配送效率低下等问题。再加之目前国际油价居高不下，对世佳连锁超市等零售连锁企业的配送管理和配送成本控制来说，更是雪上加霜。因此，世佳连锁超市有必要进行配送路线优化以提高配送效率、降低配送成本。本文是以邯郸市世佳连锁超市配送路线优化问题为例，分析了超市配送现状，指出了配送运作过程中存在的问题，阐述了进行配送路线优化的必要性和迫切性。对基本蚁群算法进行了改进，并运用改进后的蚁群算法对建立的配送路线优化问题的模型进行了求解，得出配送优化方案。与原有配送方案进行对比评价后，最终得到适合世佳连锁超市实际情况的配送方案。在算法的研究方面，本文通过对基本蚁群算法进行参数设置和信息素更新规则上进行改进，提高了蚁群算法的算法性能。在实践应用方面，根据世佳超市配送作业的实际情况，建立了配送路线优化问题的模型。在数据的收集和改进上，依据邯郸市内的交通状况，提出通行难度系数，对搜集到的配送中心及网点的原始数据进行了处理，使其更加贴近实际。在此基础上，运用改进的蚁群算法求解模型，得出的优化方案比原有方案在车辆装载率、配送成本等方面都表现更加优秀。最后，对本文研究结论作出了总结并提出共同配送模式、建立专业化的配送中心、建立公共信息服务平台等措施，以支持配送业务的高效、高水平运作。配送路线优化问题的研究在物流的价值备受关注的今天，越来越受到国内外学者的关注。根据企业实际情况，进行配送路线优化，将会在很大程度上降低超市的配送成本、提高配送效率、提升服务质量，从而使企业能够在激烈的市场竞争中获取竞争优势，立于不败之地。关键词：配送路线优化；车辆路径问题；蚁群算法；连锁超市ResearchonDistributionRouteOptimizationofShijiaChainSupermarketBasedonAntColonyAlgorithmAbstractTheproblemofdistributionrouteoptimizationwhichessenceisthevehicleroutingproblemisbecomingoneofthekeyissuesinthefieldoflogisticsmanagement.Thispapermainlystudyondistributionrouteoptimizationofchainsupermarket.Sinceitscomplexityanddiversity,howtoarrangeroutestodeliverrightgoodstocostumerseffectivelyandefficientlyisachallengingproblem.HandanShijiachainsupermarketasadomesticchainbusinessenterprise,itsoperationofdistributionhasmanyproblems,suchastheincreasingcostandlowefficiency.Coupledwiththehighpricesofoil,itisonedisasterafteranothertothemanagementofdistribution.ThispaperanalysesthedistributionsituationofShijiachainsupermarket,pointsouttheexistingproblemsintheprocessofdistributionoperation,expoundsthenecessityandurgencyofdistributionrouteoptimization.Thebasicantcolonyalgorithmisimproved,andtheimprovedantcolonyalgorithmisusedtosolvetheestablishedmodelofVRP.Theoriginaldistributionschemeiscomparedwiththenewone.Finallythepaperobtainsthedistributionschemesuitableforthechainsupermarket.Intheaspectofalgorithmresearch,thebasicantcolonyalgorithmwasimprovedbyparametersettingandupdatingthepheromonerules.Inpractice,accordingtotheactualsituationintheoperationofdistribution,thispaperhasestablishedthemodelofVRP.Intheaspectofcollectionandimprovementofdata,thispaperputforwardtopassingdifficultycoefficientaccordingtothetrafficsituationofHandantoprocesstherawdatacollected.Finally,solvethemodelbyusingtheimprovedantcolonyalgorithm.Theobtainingschemeperformancebetterthantheoriginaloneintheaspectsofvehicleloadingrate,distributioncostsandsoon.Finally,theconclusionsofthisstudyaresummarizedandputforwardthemodelofjointdistribution,theestablishmentofprofessionaldistributioncenter,andtheestablishmentofpublicinformationserviceplatform.Itisusefultoproposethesemeasurestosupporttheoperationsofdistribution.Distributionrouteoptimizationshouldbepaidmoreattention.Itwillreducedistributioncosts,improvetheefficiencydistributionandservicequality,thusenablingenterprisestogaincompetitiveadvantagesinthefiercemarketcompetition.Keywords:distributionrouteoptimization;vehicleroutingproblem;antcolonyalgorithm;chainsupermarket目录摘要Abstract0绪论..................................................................................................................10.1研究背景..................................................................................................10.2研究意义.................................................................................................20.2.1理论意义......................................................................................20.2.2现实意义......................................................................................20.3国内外研究现状......................................................................................20.3.1配送路线优化问题研究现状........................................................20.3.2蚁群算法研究现状.......................................................................50.4研究内容和技术路线...............................................................................60.4.1研究主要内容..............................................................................70.4.2技术路线.....................................................................................71理论基础与方法研究...................................................................................91.1相关理论介绍..........................................................................................91.1.1配送的概念...................................................................................91.1.2配送路线优化问题概述...............................................................91.1.3连锁经营理论.............................................................................111.2蚁群算法概述........................................................................................121.2.1自然界的蚁群行为.....................................................................121.2.2蚁群算法及其算法实现.............................................................131.2.3基本蚁群算法步骤.....................................................................151.3章节小结..