行为动词(Verb)1.实义动词2.系动词3.助动词4.情态动词一、按词义和句中的作用,动词可以分为四类类别特点意义举例实义动词(vt.vi.)及物动词跟宾语须跟宾语一起才能表达完整的意思Ihaveabook..不及物动词不能直接接宾语能独立作谓语Shealwayscomeslate.系动词(link-v)跟表语不能独立做谓语,跟表语构成完整意思Iamastudent.助动词(aux.v.)跟动词原形或分词(无词汇意义)不能独立做谓语,跟主要动词构成谓语,表示疑问,否定及各种时态Hedoesn’tspeakChinese.IamwatchingTV.情态动词(mod.v.)跟动词原形(有自己的词汇意思)不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态,无人称和数的变化Wecandoitbyourselves.Thatwouldbebetter.一、行为动词行为动词(实义动词)是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整,可以单独作谓语。如:enable、watch、run、open等例如:IliveinBeijingwithmymother.(我和我妈妈住在北京)live,住Ithasaroundface.(它有一张圆脸。)has,有Thestudentscleantheirclassroomeveryday.学生们每天都打扫教室。Herunsasfastasyounghorse.他跑得像一匹小马那么快。Wehavefriendsintheislandcountry.在这个岛国上我们有朋友。1.及物动词:后面必须跟宾语,意思才完整,例如:Givemesomeink,please.(请给我一些墨水)Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youcanraiseyourhands.(如果你们有问题,你们可以举手)2.不及物动词:后面不能跟宾语,意思完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副词和介词,构成短语动词,相当于一个及物动词,例如:Heworkshard.(他工作努力。)JackrunsfasterthanMike.(杰克跑步比迈克要快些)Pleaselookattheblackbordandlistentome.(请看黑板,听我说)难点解释许多动词可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,在阅读中必须仔细体会和区别,例如:Whoisgoingtospeakatthemeeting?(谁打算在会上发言)speak,不及物动词FewpeopleoutsideChinaspeakChinese.(在中国很少有人讲汉语)speak,及物动词英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间动词之分,使用中应该注意两者的区别。1.持续性动词表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或是更长时间。常见的有study,play,do,read,learn,drive,write,clean,sleep,speak,talk,wait,fly,stay,sit,stand,lie,keep等。可以与时间段的状语连用,“for···”,“since···”2.瞬间性动词表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂,亦称终止性动词。常见的有begin,start,finish,go,come,leave,find,getup,arrive,reach,getto,enter,hear,stop,open,close,become,buy,borrow,lend,happen,join,lose,renew,die,takeaway,putup,geton/off等;在肯定句中与时间点连用“twoyearsago”“at5o’clock”3.用法(1)以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时,表示动作到现在为止已经结束。例如:HehasjoinedEnglishforthreeyears.(他学英语有三年了)HehasjoinedtheParty.(他已入党了)Mumisn‘tathome.Shehasgonetothelibrary.(妈妈不在家,她去图书馆了)(2)持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,用瞬间性动词则不能。例如:Hisparentstalkedwiththeteacherforhalfanhour.(他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时)Mymotherhaslaininbadfor3days.(我母亲生病卧床已经三天了)(3)常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下:go---beawaybuy---havedie---bedeadopen---beopengettoknow---knowcome---beherecomeback---bebackturnon---beongetup---beupsitdown---beseatedjion---beinbecome---beclose---beclosedborrow---keepleave---beaway(benothere)1.Theboxislight.WangPincan_____itbyherself.A.findB.watchC.carryD.learn2.Myparents_____about1000yuanformyschooleducationeachyear.A.spendB.takeC.costD.pay3.-It’sverycoldoutside.-Oh,yes.You’dbetter_____yourcoat.A.putonB.putawayC.putbackD.putupCDA4.Whynot_____thatbluedress?Thecolourisbeautiful.A.getonB.tryonC.takeoffD.turnoff5.David’salwaysthewinneroftherace,butthistimehe____others.A.fellbehindB.felldownC.felloverD.felloff6.Ilearnedto____abicyclewhenIwasaboy.A.driveB.runC.rideD.operate7.Ilikewritingtomypenfriends,butit____alotoftime.A.spendsB.usesC.takesD.paysBACC8.Theticketisonthefloor.Please_____.A.pickupitB.pickupthemC.pickitupD.pickthemup9.Jacklikesto____othersbutneverwritestothem.A.hearofB.hearaboutC.hearfromD.hear10.-HowlongmayI____thisbook?-Nomorethanthreeweeks.A.borrowB.keepC.lendD.hadBCC