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一、2013年知识运用试题来源这次知识运用试题选材来自考研英语必考杂志《经济学人》，原文标题是：AQuestionofJudgment；原文链接：；选项里的大多数单词都能认识，但不一定能选对，这属于考研英语出题的一大特色—熟词生义。文章难度适中，选项看似容易，但选择起来总感觉模糊不清，很难做判断。命题专家在出题的时候也进行了一定程度的改写和删除。ANEVER-ENDINGflowofinformationisthelotofmostprofessionals.Whetheritcomesintheformoflawyers'cases,doctors'patientsorevenjournalists'stories,thisinformationnaturallygetsbrokenupintopiecesthatcanbetackledoneatatimeduringthecourseofagivenday.Intheory,adecisionmadewhenhandlingoneofthesepiecesshouldnothavemuch,ifany,impactonsimilarbutunrelatedsubsequentdecisions.YetUriSimonsohnoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniaandFrancescaGinoatHarvardreportinPsychologicalSciencethatthisisnothowthingsworkoutinpractice.DrSimonsohnandDrGinoknewfromstudiesdoneinotherlaboratoriesthatpeopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1.grantstheabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2.externalfactors.（Butinaworldofquotasandlimits—inotherwords,theworldinwhichmostprofessionalpeopleoperate—thetworesearcherssuspectedthatitwasactuallyaweakness.在考试中命题老师删掉了）Theyspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3.picturewasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4.Forexample,theytheorizedthatajudge5.fearfulofappearingtoosoft7.oncrimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison8.ifhehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoprobationonthatday.To8.testthisidea,theyturnedtheirattentiontotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.(Admissionsofficersinterviewhundredsofapplicantseveryyear,atarateof4%aday,andcanofferentrytoabout40%ofthem在试卷中删掉了).Intheory,the9.successofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10.chosenrandomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnandDrGinosuspectedthetruthwas11.otherwise.Theystudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews12.conductedby31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13.ratedapplicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14.tooknumerousfactorsintoconsideration,includingcommunicationskills,personaldrive,team-workingabilityandpersonalaccomplishments.Thescoresfromthisratingwere15thenusedinconjunctionwithanapplicant'sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardizedexamwhichis16.markedoutof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.DrSimonsohnandDrGinodiscoveredthattheirhunchwasright.Ifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17.beforethat,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18.dropbyanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto19.undotheeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20.necessary.(最后一段命题老师没有选用)Asforwhypeoplebehavethisway,DrSimonsohnproposesthatafteracceptinganumberofstrongcandidates,interviewersmightformtheillogicalexpectationthataweakercandidate“isdue”.Alternatively,hesuggeststhatinterviewersmaybeengaginginmentalaccountingthatsimplifiesthetaskofmaintainingagivenlong-termacceptancerate,bytryingtoapplythisratetoeachdailygroupofcandidates.Regardlessofthereason,ifthissortofthinkingprovestohaveasimilareffectonthejudgmentsofthoseinotherfields,suchaslawandmedicine,itcouldberesponsibleforfarworsethingsthantherejectionofqualifiedbusiness-schoolcandidates.二、2013年考研英语阅读理解PartA文章命题来源Text1第一篇文章出自2012年6月21日Business-week上的一篇文章，文章有一定难度。从整个文章脉络来看，文章的第一段用事例引入，第二段讲到文章的主题“快时尚”，并指出它破坏了时尚周期，动摇了时尚产业。第三四段指出“快时尚”这种变革的弊端，比如：给自然资源造成压力、使用大量有害的化学物质、浪费现象。最后两段提到针对“快时尚”的不良影响，可以采取的解决办法。Text2第二篇文章2012年6月9日Economist上的一篇文章，原文名《MicrosoftandPrivacy:Changeoftrack》主要讲述了广告商如果获得了用户的在线行为数据，就能省下很大一部分广告费用，但跟踪用户行为是否合理是本文主要探讨的一个问题。美国的微软公司率先做出表率，称即将推出的IE10中，将“不允许跟踪”设置成默认。但这一举措令广告商们惶恐不已。因为，这意味着他们就不能收集到有关用户偏好的信息，那么，他们投放广告的费用无疑就会变大。并且，美国广告主协会会长BobLiodice声称：“对于用户来说，他们看到的将是那些更没有意义、更没有针对性的广告”。虽然，微软在自己的博客中写道“我们认为用户应该有更大的话语权”。但很显然，作者对于微软单单采取这一措施的动机表示质疑，认为它们是在与谷歌做竞争。Text3第三篇文章选自NewScientist，是一篇科普类的阅读文章，论述的主题是人类越发光明的前景TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind。Text4第四篇文章出自2012年6月25日WallStreetJournal上的一篇文章，论述的是有关联邦政府和州政府之间一些法律上的问题，由于需要一定的背景知识，因此理解起来有一定难度，对考生构成一定的阅读障碍。三、阅读PartC翻译文章选自一本小品文集：Gardens:AnEssayontheHumanCondition。不出意外，英语一的翻译文章，出题人特别喜欢从某一书中去改编。2013年考研英语一翻译这段话，改编自这本书的59页到61页其中一篇文章，作者从一张照片说开去。。。SectionIIITranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Itisspeculatedthatgardensarisefromabasicneedintheindividualswhomadethem:theneedforcreativeexpression.Thereisnodoubtthatgardensevidenceanimpossibleurgetocreate,express,fashion,andbeautifyandthatself-expressionisabasichumanurge;(46)Yetwhenonelooksatthephotographsofthegardencreatedbythehomeless,itstrikesonethat,foralltheirdiversityofstyles,thesegardensspeakosvariousotherfundamentalurges,beyondthatofdecorationandcreativeexpression.Oneoftheseurgeshadtodowithcreatingastateofpeaceinthemidstofturbulence,a“stillpointoftheturningworld,”toborrowaphrasefromT.S.Eliot.(47)Asacredplaceofpeace,howevercrudeitmaybe,isadistinctlyhumanneed,asopposedtoshelter,whichisadistinctlyanimalneed.Thisdistinctionissomuchs