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FoshanUniversity本科生毕业论文广州市PM2.5变化特征及影响因素研究学院：环境与土木建筑学院专业：环境工程学号：2008754218学生姓名：指导教师：二〇一二年六月I摘要本文选用广州市环境保护局2012年4月至5月空气质量监测资料，采用相关系数法和单样本t检验对广州市PM2.5各站点的差异性以及浓度变化特征与气象因素的相关性进行分析。为正确认识广州市大气污染状况提供重要基础数据和以后的对比研究和制定相应的污染控制措施提供参考数据。结果表明：监测站点间PM2.5的日变化趋势保持一致，个别站点出现微小差别；PM2.5与PM10比值为0.54，是可吸入颗粒物的主要来源；温度、风速、气压、相对湿度等气象因素是影响PM2.5的重要因素，PM2.5质量浓度与温度、风速、相对湿度呈正相关，与气压呈负相关。在所收集的广州市PM2.5数据中，PM2.5并未出现超标状况还与降雨有关，雨水湿沉降是去除PM2.5的主要方式。PM2.5最主要的来源是人为产生的，由煤炭、石油及其它矿物燃烧产生的工业废气，以及机动车产生的尾气排放，工业扬尘以及建筑工程都会造成PM2.5污染。针对PM2.5的治理，必须从污染来源和污染路径入手，双效治理。关键词：PM2.5；变化特征；气象因素；防治对策IIGuangzhouPM2.5ChangeCharacteristicandInfluenceFactorResearchYangXue—weiAbstractThisarticleselectsGuangzhouEnvironmentalprotectionBureaufromApril.2012toMayairqualitymonitormaterial，analyzesthedifferencesofthecorrelationcoefficientmethodandthesingle-samplettestPM2.5eachsiteinGuangzhouCityandtheconcentrationvariationandcorrelationofthemeteorologicalfactors.TocorrectlyunderstandairpollutionconditionsinGuangzhouCity，provideanimportantbasisofthedataandthesubsequentcomparativestudiesandthedevelopmentofcorrespondingpollutioncontrolmeasurestoprovidereferencedata.ResultsshowthatconsistentmonitoringPM2.5trendbetweensites.Individualsiteappearsmalldifferences；RatioofPM2.5andPM10is0.54，areaprimarysourceofrespirableparticles；Meteorologicalfactorssuchaswindspeed，pressure，temperature，relativehumidityisanimportantfactorinfluencingPM2.5.PM2.5massconcentrationandtemperature，windspeed，relativehumiditywaspositivelycorrelated，anegativecorrelationwithairpressure.GuangzhouPM2.5datacollected，PM2.5doesnotappearrelatedtooverweightstatusandrainfall，rainmainmethodofwetdepositionisremovalofPM2.5.Thepm2.5themostimportantsourceofartificiallyproducedbyindustrialemissionsgeneratedbyburningcoal，oilandotherminerals，aswellasmotorvehicleemissions.TheindustryraisesthedustaswellasthearchitecturalengineeringcancausethePM2.5pollution.Forthegovernance，PM2.5mustbefromsourcesofcontaminationandpollutionpath，startingwithdouble-actiontreatment.Keywords：PM2.5；Variationcharacteristics；Meteorologicalfactors；PreventingandcontrollingcountermeasureIV目录1绪论...............................................................................11.1研究背景及意义...................................................................11.2广州市PM2.5污染概况..............................................................11.3国内外研究现状...................................................................21.3.1国外研究现状...................................................................21.3.2国内研究现状...................................................................31.4研究内容及研究目标...............................................................32基本思路与方法.....................................................................42.1研究思路.........................................................................42.2.1趋势分析法.....................................................................42.2.2折线统计图.....................................................................42.2.3相关系数法.....................................................................52.2.4单样本t检验...................................................................63PM2.5的基本情况及标准...............................................................73.1PM2.5的定义.......................................................................73.2PM2.5的基本组成...................................................................73.3PM2.5的来源.......................................................................73.3.1一次粒子.......................................................................83.3.2二次粒子.......................................................................83.4各国PM2.5的标准..................................................................83.4.1世界卫生组织PM2.5标准..........................................................83.4.2美国PM2.5标准..................................................................83.4.3欧盟PM2.5标准..................................................................93.4.4我国的PM2.5国家安全合格标准....................................................94广州市PM2.5变化特征及影响因素分析..................................................94.1广州市PM2.5的污染情况............................................................94.1.1广州市PM2.5的质量浓度..........................................................94.1.2广州各站点的差异性分析........................................................104.2PM2.5的影响因素特征分析..........................................................124.2.1PM2.5与PM10的相关性分析.........................................................124.2.2气温与PM2.5质量浓度的相关性...................................................184.2.3PM2.5与风速的相关性............................................................184.2.4PM2.5与气压的相关性............................................................194.2.5相对湿度对PM2.5质量浓度的影响.................................................20IV4.2.6降水对PM2.5质量浓度的影响.....................................................224.2.7影响PM2.5质量浓度的主要影响因素...............................................225广州市PM2.5的成因及其危害提出治理及预防途径.......................................235.1广州PM2.5的成因.................................