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敦煌学术语英汉对照表1.蓝宝石金刚杵bluediamondvajrastaff2.斯坦因AurelStein3.伯希和PaulPelliot4.景教Nestorianism5.回鹘Ughur6.观音avalokitesvara7.大势至菩萨mahasthamaprapta8.如意宝珠cintamani9.因陀罗indra10.梵天brahma11.炽盛光如来tejaprabha12.法轮dharmacakra/thewheelofdharma13.契丹khitan14.阿弥陀amitabha15.万字符svastika16.法华经saddharmapundarika/lotussutra17.舍利塔sarihani/stupaoftheBuddha'sashes18.佛定尊胜陀罗尼经变illuatrationsoftheBuddhosnisahDarani19.十轮经变illustrationofTenWheelsSutra20.祆教zoroastrianism21.摩醯首罗天mahesvara22.那罗延天naraya23.帝释天indra24.印度教Hinduism25.婆罗门教brahmanism26.大自在天mahamahesvara27.鸠摩罗天kumara28.毗那耶迦vinayaka29.三叉戟trident30.湿婆shiva31.风神veshparkar/windgod32.娜娜nana33.贵霜朝kushandynasty34.密特拉mitra35.日天aditya/sundeva36.月天candra/moondevi37.水天varuna/waterdevi38.穹庐顶/圆顶domeceiling39.东汉画像砖easternHancarvedtile40.石棺sarcophagus41.人非人non-humanimage42.粟特Sogdiana/Sogdian43.突厥Turk/Turky44.萨珊王朝sasaniandynasty45.五方佛BuddhasoftheFiveDirections46.莲花生Padmasambhava47.普贤samantabhadra48.佛、法、僧buddha\dharma\sangha49.文殊majushri50.大日如来mahavairocana51.金刚手vajrapani52.手印mudra53.卒堵坡/塔stupa54.菩萨boddhisattva55.弥勒maitreya56.外道heterodox?57.千佛化现illusionofthousandbuddhas58.白沙瓦peshawa59.菩提树bodhitree60.卢舍那佛vairochana61.金刚vajra62.龟兹kucha63.法衣cassock/monasticrobe64.六道图sixpathsofrebirth65.八相变eightaspectsofBuddhalife66.大乘mahayana67.犍陀罗gandhara68.释迦shakya69.波罗奈国varnanas70.法轮dharma-cakra71.三宝threejewels72.小乘hynayana73.匈奴hun74.戒律commandment/monasticdisciplines75.萨倕太子本生故事JatakaofPrinceMahasattva76.夜叉yaksha/yakshi77.业karma78.护法dharmapala/guardiansoftheLaw79.阎浮提主LordofJambudvipa80.力士warrior81.阿难ananda82.迦叶kasyapa83.涅槃nirvana84.维摩诘Vimalakirti85.曼陀罗mandala86.天盖canopy87.金刚铃vajrabell88.天女celestiallady89.阎魔天yama90.吉祥坐auspiciouspose91.降魔坐krissswordpose92.除盖帐菩萨sarvanivaranavishkambin93.不空娟索菩萨amoghapsa94.与愿印wish-grantingmudra95.无畏印fear-notmudra96.密宗tantric/esotericsect97.触地印earth-touchingmudra98.世俗化vulgarization/secularization99.青铜像bronzestatue100.本地佛教regionalBuddhism101.陀罗尼Dhāranīs102.护身符amulet103.印章seal104.仙丹elixir105.“四苦”FourMiseries106.净土歌赞PureLandCarol107.六祖坛经TheSutraSpokenbytheSxithPatriarch108.作孽sin-committing109.降魔demon-conquering110.空间结构thespatialstructure111.藏经洞Librarycave112.灵验记AnEfficaciousRecord113.行像活动thtstatueevents114.三阶教three-stagereligion115.神仙immortalbeing116.妙法莲华经theLotusSutra117.吐蕃统治TibetanReign118.佛像东传thetransmissionofbuddhistimagestoEastAsia119.敦煌山水画Dunhunaglandscapepaitings120.空间表现therepresentationofspace121.供养人patron122.造像image-making123.人物画figurepainting124.绢画silkpainting125.八大菩萨曼陀罗theEightMahaboddhisattvaMandala126.视觉联系visuallinks127.胡化因素foreignelemnts128.波罗王朝PalaDynasty129.地藏菩萨Ksitigarbha130.虚空藏菩萨Akasagarbha131.菱形印rhombusseal132.花供养菩萨flower-offeringbodhisattva133.香供养菩萨incense-offeringbodhisattva134.灯供养菩萨lamp-offeringbodhisattva135.舞供养菩萨dance-offeringbodhisattva136.歌供养菩萨song-offeringbodhisattva137.金刚索vajranoose138.如意轮cintamanicakra139.净瓶waterbottle140.西魏theWesternWeiDynasty141.克孜尔石窟KizilGrottoes142.黎北岚PenelopeRiboud143.窑前殿堂palacesandhallsinfrontofthecave144.平面图planefigure145.立面图elvationdrawing146.华尔纳LangdonWarner147.敦煌文物研究所DunhuangHistoricRelicIntitute148.国立敦煌艺术研究所theStateDunhuangArtInstitute149.石窟档案室grottofilelibrary150.脚手架架穴scaffoldholes151.抹泥plaster152.瘞窟tombcave153.僧房窟Biddhistquartercave154.多室禅窟multi-roomBuddhistcave155.廪窟storagecave156.西夏文WesterXiaLanguage157.八思巴文Ph’ags-pa158.叙利亚文Syrian159.木活字woodtype160.通道passage161.八瓣莲花eight-lotus162.夯土rammedearth163.条砖soapbrick164.建筑木构件timbercomponents165.石门枕crossdriftpillow166.鎏金铜菩萨finegoldbodhisattva167.三维激光扫描技术thethree-dimensionallaserscanningsystem168.全景数码摄影thepanoramicdigitalphotography169.九层楼theNine-storeyBuilding170.北大像NorthBuddhaStatue171.重飞四级four-storeyeaves172.下寺theLowerTemple173.上寺theUpperTemple174.结社造窟buildingcavesbysocieties175.法身佛DharmakayaBuddha176.鹿野苑thedeerpark177.执金刚神sorcerer178.天神deity179.笈多朝theGuptaDynasty180.萨尔纳特Sarnath181.莲花座theLotusThrone182.菩萨装天众HeavenlyBeingsinBodhisattvaCsotumes183.焰肩佛Buddhawithflamesontheshoulders184.背屏backscreen185.修行cultivate/cultivation186.缦网silkfabric187.大司马ministerofwar188.四壁thefourwalls189.中心柱thecenterpillar190.九色鹿本生故事thestoryofnine-colordeer191.因缘故事karmastory192.东王公龙车theDragonChariotofEastDuke193.歇山顶theslantingtop194.三远法threewaysofperspectiveinChinesetraditionalpaintings195.护国宗教NationalReligion196.高丽八万大藏经TripitakaKoreana197.八角座octagonalthrone198.阿弥陀三尊Amitabhatriad199.上品三生theupperthreelevelsofrebirth200.护国神thenation-protectingdeities201.往生俗人reborndevotees202.弩家crossbarmaker203.都料commander-in-chief204.卧佛therecliningBuddha205.西域技法theWesternRegionDrawingTechniques206.飞天Apsaras207.汉简BambooSlipsoftheHanDynasty208.烽燧遗址thebeacontowersite209.悬泉置遗址XuanquanzhiSite210.天龙八部或天部类thedemi-godsandsemi-devils211.畏兽frighteninganimals212.佛爷庙BuddhaTemple213.葡萄纹grapepattern214.蔓草纹turnippattern215.小圆毯asmallroundwoolencarpet216.舞筵dancingmat217.洞窟功德主cavemeritsandvirtuesowner218.中亚theCentralAsia219.韦陀希Vaidehi220.teachingmudra221.reasoningmudra222.觉胜印SupremeEnlightenmentMudra223.转法轮印turning-the-wheel-of-lawmudra224.说法印expositionmudra225.合掌vernerationmudra226.伽蓝samgha-arama227.僧伽蓝sangharama228.主尊themainimage229.阿胡拉·玛兹达AhuraMazda230.巴米扬