印度科技奖励制度及其社会影响

南亚研究季刊1999年第2期印度科技奖励制度及其社会影响江昀扬文武[];;[]G316[]A[]10041508(1999)02004405,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,30,,,,,,,441,1957(SSB),100002.1956,(RAK)()10000,3.1969,(JNA),,,,5000,4,1953(BDA),5(SAC)6(FICCI)71974,(INSA),8.1974,(UGC),,10000;,:(1)RAK(2)(3),,(4)(5),,1976~1989,(),1SSB14272625172071362RAK754613BDA22224SAC73735JNA930396INSA716828569797UGC34741198FICCI314433623274838808711936161452%597106484317691924263479635202245,SSB,30%,INSA,175%15,FICCI,UGC,,RAK,SAC25SSB,INSA,1960~1964,91,1970~l97418,,:50%,,,27%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,FICC,,,,,,,,(),63%,:,;,,46,,,,,,32,708%;1975,146%,60,,7,7025,60,,,,,,,,,,,,,90%,56%,42%,32%,,,,72,,,25%79%,,55%,37%(63%,);658%,,,,!∀,,,:958%,357%,60%,,,,,,,,,47,192,127,12,1~40,111~11,32,,,,,,,,,,:12(),,3450%5,706JNAINSA,7,70,8,,,:#1∃ARchoudhuari!PracticingwesternScienceOutsidethewest:PersonalObservationOntheIndianSceuce∀sociaistudiesofscienceVol15No31985.#2∃SVisalashi,MAOuresheatal!DimensionsofS&TPrizes:AnOverviewofIndianRewardsystem∀JoumalofScientificandIndustrialReserchVol421983.#3∃PSNagpaul,SPGuptaetal!RoleofSupervisorsinResearchUnits∀JournalofScientificinResearchUnitsJournalofScientificandIndustrialResearchVol41Sept1982.#4∃AJain!40yearsofresearch:ACSIROverview∀aCSIRoverview,Series%1988.48ANINITIALSTUDYOFINDONEPALECONOMICANDTRADERELATIONSWangZongThisessaydiscussestheamountofIndianeconomicaidtoNepalandthe7areasinwhichIndiaoffershereconomicaidtoNepal,andthesizeofIndiandirectinvestmentinNepal,andfurther,makesastudyofcausesforincreasingofIndiasinvestmentinNepalinrecentyears.ANALYSISOFADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGESINDIAHASINHERMODERNIZATIONDRIVEYinYonglinThisarticlediscussesthefourmajoradvantagesIndiahasandthefourareasinwhichshesuffersfromdisadvantagesinherdriveformodernization.ONSCIENTIFICANDTECHNICALRESEARCHENCOURAGEMENTANDREWARDSYSTEMOFINDIAANDITSSOCIALEFFECTSJiangYunandYangWenwuTheauthor,throughastudyofscientificandtechnicalresearchencouragementandrewardsystemofIndia,hasfoundthat(1)50%ofprizesarewonbyscientistsinuniversitiesandotherinstitutionsofhighereducation;(2)prizeswonbyIndianscientistsintheareasoffundamentalandappliedresearchsaremorethanthoseintheareaofdevelopmentalresearch;and(3)onceascientistscapabilityinscientificresearchisrecognizedbythesociety,heshewillbegivenpriorityinpromotion,appointmentofpositioninforeigncountries,appointmentofmanagingpositions,entrustmentofgreaterresponsibilitiesandmakingchoiceamongvariousresearchequipmentssothatheshewillbeabletomakegreatercontributiontothesociety.&RAMAYANA∋ANDRAMAWORSHIPATrialAnalysisofHighlevelofIntegrationofIndianLiteraturewithReligionZhangDefuThisarticlegivesanaccountofthehistoriclegendaboutRamaandtheprocessofmakingofthebookof&Ramayana∋,andanalysestheimageofRamainthebookandworshipofRamabytheIndianpeople.THEIDEAOF!EMPTY∀INBUDDHISMANDLONGSHUSTHEORYOuDongmingTheideaof!empty∀basbeencontainedinthe!threelaws∀ofearlyBuddhism.WhatBuddhismusestoexplaintheideaof!empty∀isthetheoryof!endsourceofthings(essenceofempty)∀.The(