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•KnowingthehistoryofEnglishvocabulary.•UnderstandingtheconstructionofEnglishvocabularyandthistext•Learningreadingskill:newspaperheadlines•Englishlanguagewentthoughthreestagescalled•OldEnglish(AD450—1100)•MiddleEnglish(AD1100—1500)•ModernEnglish(1500—now)•古英语时期有两个重要的历史事件，给英语词汇带来较大的影响。第一件事是基督教传入英国。公元597年，一个名叫奥古斯丁的牧师从罗马来到英国传教。罗马文化随着基督教传入了英国。与此同时，一批拉丁词进入了英语。第二件事是北欧人入侵英国。从公元790年开始，大批斯堪的那维亚人在英国定居。丹麦国王卡纽特还一度成为英国的君主。斯堪的那维亚人和英国人频繁交往，所以有许多斯堪的那维亚各国的词语进入了英语。•诺曼法语一度是英国统治阶级的语言，大批法语词涌入英语。在政治、宗教、法律、军事、社交、服饰、饮食等凡是与统治阶级有关的一切领域都有反映。法语词成了这些领域所用词语的主体。•早期现代英语时期，对英语词汇的影响最大的是文艺复兴运动。文专职复兴运动是十四世纪在意大利开始的，在十六世纪以后的两个世纪内对英国的影响很大。在这一时期，强调研究古代希腊、罗马文化，以对抗中世纪的封建文化。于是许多外来词，主要是拉丁语和希腊语的词语传入英语，成为英语的书面语和术语词的基本部分。同时也为英语提供了大量的同义词。•First,pleasegothoughthiscontentagainwithapenholdinginyourhand,whileyouarereading,pleasemarkthesentencesyouthoughtveryimportant(keysentences)andthoseyoudonotquiteunderstand.:Howtobeamasteroflanguage?Howdowejudgeawordisnonsenseword?•Whatmakeamasteroflanguage?CanyounamesomemasterofEnglishlanguage?Amasteroflanguageknowswhatwordsreallymean,andwheretheycomefrom;knowswhentousebig,importantonesandwhentousetheshorter,equallyimportantsimpleones.ChurchillwasagreatBritishprimeminister.Hewasalsoagreatwriter,trulyamasteroflanguage.Hesaidonce“Shortwordsarebest,andoldwordswhentheyareshort,arebestofall”•Whydopeopleusegobbledygook?Whenpeopletalkorwriteusingling,fancywordsthatreallymeannothing,wecallitgobbledygook.Unfortunately,manypeopleusegobbdygookbecausetheywanttoseemmoreimportantthantheyare,orbecausetheydon’treallywantpeopletounderstandwhattheymeanorwhattheyaredoing.•What’sHumptyDumpty’opinionregardingthemeaningofaword?Doyouagree?Whyorwhynot?Dumptyinsistswordscanmeanwhateverhewantsthemtomean.Aliceinsiststhatthisisimpossible.Ifeveryonedidthatnoonewouldunderstandanyoneelse.•NewspaperHeadline•Youcanbeabetterreader,ifyouknowwhattoexpectinanewspaper.•Forexample,whenyoureadanewspaperyouusuallylookquicklyatheadlinesfirst.Newspaperheadlinehavealanguageoftheirownanditisnecessarytolearnaboutit.•1.Sentenceheadlines•Penmanufacturersstillseegoodfutureforluxurypens•2.Phraseheadlines•Gettingintouchwiththespirits•Rewardfortracingsuspect•Straightheadline•Questionheadline•Quotationheadline•Doubleheadline•Featureheadline直接式问题式建议式双标题要点式•AlmostallsentenceheadlinesintheNewspaperusethepresenttense,despitethefactthattheygenerallydescribepastevents.Thepresenttensegivesthesubjectasenseoffreshnessandimmediacy,makingitmoreinterestingtoread.•Generallyomitunnecessarywords,especiallyarticlesandtheverbtobe,andisoftenreplacedbyacomma.