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新东方在线高级语法讲义高级语法讲义省略：一、定语从句的回顾FruitthatcontainsvitaminCcanrelieveacold.Themanwhowemetyesterdayisafamouspsychologist.Thisistherightbookthatyouarelookingfor.二、关系词充当宾语的时候三、关系词充当主语（1）谓语结构为实词（2）谓语结构为be+名词四、先行词为theway1..定语从句省略Acontrolboxfittedtothecarcontainsamini-cellphone,amicro-processorandmemory,andaGPS(全球定位系统)satellitepositioningreceiver.（06.6旧）Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.（06.6旧）Interestinpursuinginternationalcareershassoaredinrecentyears,enhancedbychronic(长久的)personnelshortagesthatarecausingcompaniestosearchbeyondtheirhomebordersfortalent.（06.6旧）Itenrolls90,000students,astatisticusedtosupportitsclaimtobethelargestprivateuniversityinthecountry.（07.12）新东方在线高级语法讲义第1页共18页1Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatannualrateof3.9percent,form800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.(07.12)18.W:Youhadajobinterviewyesterday,didn’tyou?Howdiditgo?M:Nottoobad,Iguess.Therewereabout20candidatescompetingforthesalesmanager’sjob.Andfinallyitwasdowntothreeofus,buttheothertwoseemedbetterqualified.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?A)Heisconfidenthewillgetthejob.B)Hischanceofgettingthejobisslim.C)Itisn’teasytofindaqualifiedsalesmanager.D)Theinterviewdidn’tgoaswellasheexpected.Hamiltonisn’ttheonlyeducatorcrossingtheAtlantic.09.12汉密尔顿并不是第一位跨越大西洋到外国任职的教育家。WhentheboardoftheUniversityofColoradosearchedforanewpresident,itwantedaleader(whois)familiarwiththestategovernment,amajorsourceoftheuniversity’sbudget.科罗拉多大学董事会在遴选新校长时，想聘用一个与州政府熟悉的领导人，因为州政府是学校的主要资金来源。09.12Careerexpertssaythatoneoftheways(that)jobseekerscanstaysafewhileusingtheInternettosearchoutjobsistoconcealtheiridentities.职业专家说求职者用因特网找工作时保持安全的一个方法是隐瞒其真实身份。新东方在线高级语法讲义第2页共18页2虚拟语气【1】if引导的虚拟语气1.2.倒装形式WereIyou(=ifIwereyou),Iwouldgetupearlyinthemorning.Hadyouarrivedatthestationtenminutesearlieryesterday(=Ifyouhadarrived…),youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.Shoulditrain(=Ifitshouldrain),thecropswouldbesaved.【2】馒头面条原理【3】固定句型Itistimethat...Wouldratherthat.....(1).Iwouldratherhecametomorrowthantoday.(2).Johnwouldratherthatshehadnotgonetothepartyyesterdayevening.(4).Iwouldrathereverythinghadn'thappenedinthepast.“Itis(was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that……”结构中的虚拟语气1.Itisnecessarythatwe(should可省略,下同）haveawalknow.2.Itwasnecessarythatwe(should)makeeverythingreadyaheadoftime.3.Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.4.Itisimportantthateverypupil(should)beabletounderstandtheruleofschool.新东方在线高级语法讲义第3页共18页3练习1.He’llbebusythisafternoon.Ifhe___free,he___tothecinemawithyou.A.weretobe;mightgoB.amgoingtobe;willgoB.willbe;mighthavegoneD.is;willgo2.WhenEdisondied,itwasproposedthattheAmericanpeople_____allpowerintheirhomes,streets,andfactoriesforseveralminutesinhonorofthisgreatman.A.turnoffB.turnedoffC.wouldturnoffD.hadturnedoff3.HadIknownhername,_____.A.ordoessheknowmine?B.andwheredoesshelive?C.IwouldhaveinvitedhertolunchD.shewouldbebeautiful4.I’dratheryou______bytrain,becauseIcan'tbeartheideaofyourbeinginanairplaneinsuchbadweather.A.wouldgoB.shouldgoC.wentD.hadgone5.Thevictim________(本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.wouldhaveachancetosurvive（06.12翻译）6.Theprofessorrequiredthat________(我们交研究报告)。wehandinourresearchreport(s)(06.6翻译)新东方在线高级语法讲义第4页共18页47.IfSept.11hadneverhappened,theairportworkerswouldnothavebeenarrestedandcouldhavegoneonquietlylivinginAmerica,probablyindefinitely.(06.6阅读)8.W:Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereinmyplace?M:IfPaulweremyson,I’djustnotworry.Nowthathisteacherisgivinghimextrahelpandheisworkinghardhimself,he’ssuretodowellinthenextexam.Q:What’stheman’ssuggestiontothewoman?13.A)Teachinghersonbyherself.C)Askingtheteacherforextrahelp.B)Havingconfidenceinherson.D)Tellinghersonnottoworry.（07.12）2.You’dbettertakeasweaterwithyou________________(以防天气变冷)incaseit(should)turncold.（08.12）10.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Mary(就不会被大雨淋湿了).09.6.wouldn’thavebeencaughtbytherain11.Youwouldnothavefailedifyou__________________________(按照我的指令去做).hadfollowedmyinstructions/orders(09.12)倒装：新东方在线高级语法讲义第5页共18页5全部倒装在大学级别的考试中，应用是非常广泛的，包括在阅读、完形、写作以及翻译当中；总共分为两种形式：全部倒装和部分倒装全部倒装:主谓宾构成了正常的语序，把谓语动词提到了动词的前面，谓语动词直接发生在主语之前，那么就是全部倒装。另外一种情况就是，仍然是主、谓、宾结构，谓语动词都有时态、人称的变化，把谓语动词上的助动词提到了主语的前面，这个就叫做部分倒装。全部倒装的情况：1.Thebusiscominghere.Herecomesthebus.进行时态在变为倒装的时候要变为一般现在时。2.Studentswentaway.Awaywentstudents.3.Theboyrushedout.Outrushedtheboy.here/away/out/在英语当中称作方位副词或时间副词。①当首句为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为go，come等时通常用全部倒装。如果是进行时态的话，倒装后要改为一般现在时。Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.方位副词或时间副词置于句首②如果句首出现了地点状语，句子也可以进行全部倒装。Theoldmanlivesinthecitycenter.Inthecitycenterlivestheoldman.Atemplestandsonthemountain.Onthemountainstandsatemple.③当句子当中出现分词结构的时候，可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首，把be动词留在中间当作谓语动词，主语放在后面。Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedabout18.新东方在线高级语法讲义第6页共18页6Onthefloorliesaboyagedabout18.Sittedonthegroundareagroupofyoungpeople.eg.访问北京的是300名日本青年。/300名日本青年正在访问北京。300JapaneseyoungpeoplearevisitingBeijing.VisitingBeijingare300Japaneseyoungpeople.全部倒装的情况：①当首句为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为go，come等时通常用全部倒装。②如果句首出现了地点状语，句子也可以进行全部倒装。③当句子当中出现分词结构的时候，可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首，把be动词留在中间