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初高中英语衔接教学－－谓语动词的时态和语态谓语动词的时态和语态谓语动词的时态：动作发生的时间决定了动词的形态。时间名称主动形态(以do为例）现在一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时将来一般将来时do或doesis(am/are)doinghave/hasdonedidwas/weredoinghaddonewoulddo或was/weregoingtodowilldo、shalldo或is/am/aregoingtodo如何判断谓语动词的时态（动作发生的时间）一.一般现在时(do/does)(表示客观事实或真理;表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或状态.常用的时间状语有sometimes/often/always/usually/seldom/every(morning…)/onSundays/inthemorning等)futurepastnow1.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.2.Waterboilsat100℃.3.Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.4.Theshopclosesat11:00p.m.everyday.5.Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.futurepastnow二.一般过去时(did)(表示过去发生的动作或状态或过去经常习惯性发生的动作.常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示).时间状语有:lastweek/twodaysago/theotherday/in1990/thismorning/justnow/inthepast/yesterday/often等.注意:凡有具体的过去时间状语的均用一般过去时1.Imethiminthestreetyesterday.2.ThestudentswenttotheGreatWalllastSunday.3.WhenshewasinShanghai,sheoftencametoseeme.4.WeoftenplayedPing-pongwhenwewereincollege.5.OurteachertoldusthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.futurepastnow三.一般将来时(will/shalldo或is/am/aregoingtodo)(表示将来要发生的动作或状态.begoingtodo表示打算,计划要做的事或据已有的迹象将发生的动作。表将来的时间状语有:tomorrow/nextweek/inthefuture/soon/thisevening/intwodays/in2030等)1.Hewillbebackinafewdays.2.Whereshallwemeetthedayaftertomorrow?3.WearegoingtohaveaclassmeetingnextMonday.4.Iwill/shallreturnyouthebookassoonaspossible.5.Lookattheclouds.Itisgoingtorain.futurepastnow四.现在进行时(is/am/aredoing)“正．．．”表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动作。还用在少数表渐变的动词(get/become/turn/grow/)常用的时间状语有:now,atpresent,atthemoment等1.WearehavingourEnglishclassnow.2.I’mlookingforapairofblackshoes.3.Theyareworkinginafactorythesedays.4.I’mwritingabookaboutEnglishgrammar.5.TheyarevisitingBeijingthisweek.6.Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.五.过去进行时(was/weredoing)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作;或者某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。常用的时间状语有:atthattimeatthistimeyesterday/fromninetotenyesterdayevening/while…alldayyesterday/thewholemorning//whenfuturepastnow1.Atthattime,hewasworkinginauniversity.2.Whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterday?3.WhenIenteredtheroom,shewassittingatherdesk.4.Hewasreadinganovelinthelibrarythismorning.六.现在完成时(have/hasdone)“已经．．．”1)表示过去的动作对现在的影响和结果,即”从过去到现在有没有做过某事”already/yet/just/never/ever/twicefuturepastnow1.Hehasalreadyfinishedhiswork.2.Wehavevisitedthecitythreetimes.3.Ihaveseenthisfilm.2)表示从过去某一时刻持续到现在的动作或状态.时间状语有:forfiveyears/sincetwodaysago/sofar/bynow/tillnowuptonow/recently/lately/inthepasttenyears.注意:短暂性动作不能与表示段时间连用,如:borrow-havefuturepastnow动作leavediemarryjoinbegin状态beawaybedeadbemarriedbeinbeon1.IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.2.Theyhavelivedinthecitysince1988.3.---Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?你到这儿多长时间了?---Ihavebeenhereforanhour.我到这儿一个小时了.havearrived×七.过去完成时(haddone)1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已发生或完成的动作.即动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”.futurepastnow1.Wehadlearnt30lessonsbytheendoflastmonth.2.Hefoundthebookthathehadlost.3.Ididn’tknowIhadgivenyousomuchtrouble.4.Untilthen,hehadknownnothingaboutit.5.Afterhe(had)finishedhiswork,hewenttobed.2)表示从过去某一时间延续到另一过去时间的动作.常用的时间状语有:by+过去时间(then/theendoflastmonth/bythetimewegothome…);段时间+before(如:twodaysbefore);for…;since…futurepastnow1)Whenhecame,Ihadworkedfor3hours.2)ShehadonlybeenherefortenminuteswhenJimcamein.3)Theboytoldhismotherthathehadbeenillsincehecamebackfromtheschool.hadbeenworking八.过去将来时(would/shoulddo或was/weregoingtodo)表示从过去的某一时间看来要发生的动作或状态futurepastnow1.Ithoughttheywouldcometohelpme.2.Theyknewthattherewasgoingtobeseveralproblems.3.Theytoldmethattheywouldhaveaclassmeeting.4.Shesaidthatshewouldgotherebyherself.谓语动词的被动形态是由bedone构成.它也有各种时态.其变化规则是由be的各种时态决定的.done不变.be1.动词原形:be2.现在分词:being3.过去分词:been4.过去式:was/were5.一般现在时:is/am/are时间名称被动形态(以do为例)现在一般现在时done现在进行时现在完成时过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时将来一般将来时含有情态动词(can/must..)is/am/areis/am/arebeinghave/hasbeenwas/werewas/werebeinghadbeenwouldbewillbe情态动词+be1)一般现在时:You______________(require)todothis．2)一般过去时:Thestory____________(tell)byher．3)一般将来时:Theproblem________________(discuss)tomorrow．4现在进行时:Theroad__________________(widen)now.5)过去进行时:Thenewtool________________(make)atthattime6)现在完成时:Thenovel______________(read)manytimesalready7)过去完成时:Hesaidthatthework__________________(finish)．8)过去将来时:Hesaidthatthetrees_________________(plant)soon．9)含有情态动词:Measures________________(should/take)toprotectrareanimals.主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式叫主动语态主语是动作的承受者时,谓语要用被动语态arerequiredwastoldwillbediscussedisbeingwidenedwasbeingmadehasbeenreadhadbeenfinishedwouldbeplantedshouldbetaken1.Myfatherwillrepairmybikeforme.2.LiPinghimselfinventedthemachine.3.Ihavefoundmywallet.4.Shetoldmetowaithereforher.5.TheyinvitedMr.Smithtomakeaspeech.6.Thestudentscleantheirclassroomeveryday.7.Youmustn’ttakethosebooksoutofthelibrary.将下列句子变为被动句8.DopeoplespeakEnglishinyourcountry?9.Theyareservingbreakfastbetweensixandnineo’clock.10.Didyoufinishyourcompositionthismorning?11.Weshouldtakegoodcareofoldpeople.12.Myfriendlentmethosebooks.13.Hetoldusthattheyhadfinishedthework.14.Wehaven’tsentthemoneytothem.15.Havetheyfinishedthework?16.Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.17.Peopleusecoaltoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.