英语单词的音节及读音规则

1英语单词的音节及读音规则1.音节概念在英语单词中元音特别响亮，一个发音的元音就可以构成一个音节，所以英语单词的音节是以发音的元音来确定的。只有一个发音的元音构成的单词称为单音节词，有两个发音的元音构成的单词称为双音节词，三个以上发音的元音构成的单词称为多音节词。例：双音节词：go,he,stand,think,please,take,some,what,glad,smoke,child,taught双音节词：teacher,brother,Sunday,neighbor,darkness,breakfast,comment,open多音节词：exercise,holiday,separate,celebrate,institute,opportunitymodernization注：一个单词音节数的多少并不是按组成单词字母的多少来划分的。2.单词重音在英语的双音节以上的单词中，有一个或两个读得特别响亮的音节，我们称为重读音节，国际音标上标有“′”这样的重读符号。一般说来一个单词只有一个重音。例：Sunday[’sʌndi]begin[bi’ɡin]3.开音节开音节一共有两种：一种叫绝对开音节，即直接以发音的元音字母结尾的单词。例：go[ɡəʊ],he[hi:],no[nəʊ],we[wi:],who[hu:]另一种叫做相对开音节，即发音的元音字母后有一个辅音字母（r除外）再加一个不发音的字母e。例：make[meik],note[nəʊt],these[ði:z],like[laik],use[ju:z]4.闭音节发音的元音字母后面有一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）时，这个元音字母构成的音节叫闭音节。如果单词重音在这个音节上，该闭音节就叫做重读闭音节。例：bad[bæd],thank[θæŋk],desk[desk],sit[sit],stick[stik],fog[fɒɡ],shop[ʃɒp];sun[sʌn],must[mʌst]5.元音字母在开音节中的一般发音Aa[ei],Ee[i:],Ii[ai],Oo[əʊ],Uu[ju:]例：take[teik],late[leit],he[hi:],theme[θi:m],time[taim],nice[nais],no[nəʊ];joke[jəʊk],tune[tju:n],cute[kju:t];6.元音字母在重读闭音节中的一般发音Aa[æ],Ee[e],Ii[i],Oo[ɒ],Uu[ʌ]2例：lamp[læmp],plan[plæn],well[wel],best[best],mill[mil],wish[wiʃ],hot[hɒt];drop[drɒp],club[clʌb],but[bʌt]7.各元音在开音节和闭音节的读音规则1）Aa开音节中多读[ei]字母本身的音。词例：name,plane,cake,take;但have中却发[æ]重读闭音节中多读[æ]。词例：bad,lamp,tank,cat,mapa的前面是辅音[w]时读作[ɒ]。词例：want,wash,what,qualitya的后面是ss,st,sp,sk,th,f,n时常读作[a:]。词例：class,fast,grasp,ask,bath,staff,dance,command2)Ee开音节中多读[i:]字母本身的音词例：he,she,be,these重读闭音节中多读[e]。词例：pen,yes,well,desk,best3)Ii(y)开音节中多读[ai]字母本身的音词例：like,time,bike,why,但give和live中却发[i]重读闭音节中多读[i]。词例：stick,ship,big,mill词尾是-nd和-ld时，i可读作[ai]词例：kind,find,child4)Oo开音节中多读[əʊ]字母本身的音词例：no,home,joke,smoke,joke但to,do,who,move,shoe中却发[u:]重读闭音节中多读[ɒ]。词例：hot,fog,shop,long,drop词尾是-st和-ld时，o可读作[əʊ]词例：most,post,bold,cold,例外both,combo的后面是m,n,v,th时，可读作[ʌ]词例：son,some,come,one,done,love,glove,mother,brother5）Uu开音节中多读[əʊ]字母本身的音词例：use,tune,cute,muleu在辅音字母l,r,j后面时读作[u:]词例：blue,rule,true,June重读闭音节中多读[ʌ]或[u]。词例：sun,but,club,must,full,put但truth,busy中却发[u:]8.-r音节-re音节的读音规则ar常读作[a:]词例：car,park,large,star;但war,warm,ward却读[ɔ:]er常读作[з:]词例：verb,term,serve,stern;ir常读作[з:]词例：girl,first,shirt,birdor常读作[ɔ:]词例：horse,short,north,sport;但word,work,world却读[з:]3ur常读作[з:]词例：burn,nurse,hurt,furare常读作[eə]词例：care,dare,stare,rareere常读作[iə]或[eə]词例：mere,here,there,were;但were却读[з:]ore常读作[ɔ:]词例：more,wore,sore,storeire常读作[aiə]词例：fire,tire,hire,mireure常读作[juə]或[uə]词例：pure,cure,manure,sure9.元音字母组合的读音规则1）a+其它字母al常读作[ɔ:]词例：ball,walk,talk,walk,also,其后有f或m时可读[a:]例：half,calm,palmau和augh常读作[ɔ:]词例：cause,fault,launch;taught,daughter例外：laugh[a:]aw常读作[ɔ:]词例：law,saw,claw,awfulai和ay常读作[ei]词例：wait,main;day,playair和are常读作[eə]词例：hair,pair,chair;fare,care,dare,stare,share2）e+其它字母ea常读作[i:]或[e]词例：meat,please,peace,clean;head,dead,lead,bread例外：great,break读作[ei]ee常读作[i:]词例：meet,three,steel,green,tree,street,needei和ie常读作[i:]词例：field,piece,ceiling,receive有时ei和ey一样。读作[ei]词例：eight,neighbor;prey,grey例外：friend,读作[e]height读作[ai],review读作[ju:]ew常读作[ju:]词例：new,few,dew.ew在辅音字母l,r,j后面读作[u:]词例：blew,crew,Jewear常读作[iə]词例：hear,dear,tear;有时读[eə]词例：bear,wear,pear后面有辅音字母时读作[з:]词例：learn,pearl,early,earth例外：heart,读作[a:]year读作[jə]eer常读作[iə]词例：deer,cheer,beer,pioneer,engineer3）o+其它字母oa常读作[əʊ]词例：coat,boat,soap,floatoi和oy常读作[ɔi]词例：oil,voice,point;boy,joyoul常读作[ʊ]词例：could,would,shouldoo常读作[u:]词例：food,tooth,spoon,school,moon例外：foot,good,stood,读作[ʊ];blood,flood读作[ʌ]4oo后面是k时读作[ʊ]词例：book,look,cook,brookoor和oar常读作[ɔ:]词例：door,floor;board,coarse例外：poor,读作[uə]ou常读作[au]或[ʌ]词例：loud,house,mouth;young,touch,country,trouble例外：group,读作[u:],youth读作[ju:],soul,读作[əʊ]ough常读作[ɔ:]词例：bouught,fought,thought例外：though,读作[əʊ],through读作[u:]our常读作[ɔ:]或[auə]词例：four,course,pour;our,hour,sour,flourow常读作[au]或[əʊ]词例：now,how,town,down;slow,show,grow,snowowe或ower常读作[auə]词例：towel,vowel;power,flower4）i+其它字母ig或igh常读作[ai]词例：sign,design;sigh,light,night,bright,eightia,ie或io常读作[aiə]词例：dialogue,reliable;quiet,science;violet,violence5）u+其它字母ui常读作[ju:]词例：suit,nuisanceui的前面有辅音字母l,r,j时，读作[u:]词例：sluice,fruit,juice例外：build读作[i]注：以上都是元音字母、-r音节和元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音规则。在非重读音节中基本上所有都弱化成短元音[ə]。10.辅音字母在单词中的读音规则1）Be常读作[b]或位于词尾不发音。词例：bed,book,bright;comb,lamb,tomb,climb2）Cc常读作[k],[s]词例：cold,cleancat;nice,city,decide有时读作[ʃ]词例：social,musician,precious3）Dd常读作[d]词例：day,desk,add,动词加-ed时-ed的读法-ed前是清辅音时（[t]除外）,读作[t]词例：walked[-kt],jumped[-pt],missed[-st],washed[-ʃt]-ed前是浊辅音时（[d]除外）,读作[d]词例：played[-eid],robbed[-bd],closed[-zd],begged[-ɡd]-ed前是[t]和[d]时,读作[id]词例：wanted[-tid],needed[-did]4)Ff常读作[f]词例：five,wife,four,leaf有时读作[ʃ]词例：social,musician,precious个别情况读作[v]词例：of[ɔv]或[əv]5)Gg常读作[ɡ]词例：girl,game,give,big,ago5有时读作[dӡ]尤其是在元音字母e前时此时词尾的ge读作[dӡ]，词例：large,page,college,village6)Hh常读作[h]词例：hot,house,head,handh有时不发音。词例：hour,honor,exhibit,rhyme7)Jj常读作[dӡ]词例：jam,joke,June,judge8)Kk常读作[k]词例：cake,week,kite,sky9)Ll常读作[l]词例：land,milk,belt,schooll有时不发音。词例：walk[wɔk],calm[ka:m]10)Mm常读作[m]词例：name,meet,mother,come11)Nn常读作[n]词例：line,nine,nicen在辅音音素[k]和[ɡ]之前读作[ŋ]。词例：bank,think,uncle,finger,language12)Pp常读作[p]词例：pen,sleep,spring,picture13)Qq该字母一般很少单独出现，它常和元音字母u组成qu字母组合。常读作[kw]词例：question,quite,qu