how-to-write-a--summary-详细讲解

1HowtowriteaSummary?2SummaryAbridgebetweenreadingandwritingwhatisasummary?3Definitionofasummary4Differencesbetweensummaryandabstractsummary概要、概括总结abstract论文摘要Abstractisashort-clear-highpointer.Summaryisalittledetailedoutversionofabstract.Asummaryreflectswhattheoriginalcontains,whereasanabstractreflectswhattheoriginalisabout.Asummarycontainsthemeatoftheoriginal,whereasanabstractcontainsonlyitsskeletalstructure.5e.g:amovieitisgoodoritisalovestory——abstractthereisaherofallsinlovewithagirl,hechasesher,thentheygetmarriedetc.——summarywhenyouwriteapaper,anabstractisneeded,butyoudon'tneedtowriteasummary.Wecansaysummaryisakindoftool.6Characteristicsofagoodsummaryasummarymustbecomprehensiveasummarymustbeconciseasummarymustbecoherentasummarymustbeindependent7上一页Dosanddont'swhenwritingasummarythelengthofasummary:one-thirdtoone-quarterofitsoriginalsize.asummaryiswriteninyourownwords,notinthewordsoftheoriginalselection.asummarygivesonlymainpointsofthetext.youshoulddecidewhattypeofasummarybasedontheneedsforthereader.8Stylesofpassagestylesfunctionsargumentation(议论文)showthewriter'spointsofviewnarration(记叙文)describeapersonoranevent,withafterthoughtsexposition(说明文)introducesomethingorphenomenon9Stepsofsummarywritingreadingwritingmodifying10First:reading1.Skimandscanthetexttoidentifythetopicandtounderstandhowtheinformationhasbeenorganized.2.Readingcarefully.Makeanoteofthewriter'smainpointsinyourownwords.11Second:writing1.useyourownwords2.writeinthethirdperson--thepassivevoice(被动语态)12Third:modifying1.omitrepetitionanddetails2.revisethewritinguntilyouaresurethatyouhaveanaccuratesummarywhichflowslogically.13SomeskillsofwritingasummarySkill1:OmitthedetailsSkill2:OmittherepetitionsSkill3:OmittheexamplesSkill4:Usegeneral(概括性)wordsinsteadofspecific(具体的)wordsSkill5:PutthemainpointsofadialogueinthepassivevoiceSkill6:Findoutthetopicsentenceorthekeywords14Someexamples1.Youcanthinkofawaytomanageyourtemper.Herearesometips:1)Weshouldtrytocalmdownandfigureoutwhatwearereallyupsetabout.2)Keepadiary.Itcanhelpyouunderstandmoreaboutyourselfandyourfeelings.3)Wecantrytotalkwithourbestfriendstoreleasestressfulemotions.Summary:Skill___________________Therearemanytipsforyoutomanageyourtemper.3:Omittheexamples152.Nowadaysmoreandmoreteenagerstrytobemoreindependentfromtheirparentsandsometimesbecomeveryrebellious.Theyalwayswanttowearlongandstrangehairstyle,whichtheirparentscomplainaboutalot.TheyalsospendtoomuchtimeontheInternetandplayingcomputergames.Summary:Skill____________________Nowadays,thereisanincreasingtendencythatmoreandmoreteenagerstrytobehaveindependentlyanddifferently.1:Omitthedetails163.KatelookedatPauldisapprovingly,“Youputtoosaltonyourfood,Paul.It'snotatallgoodforyou!”Paulputdownhisknifeandfrowned,“Whyonearthnot!Ifyoudidn’thavesaltonyourfooditwouldtasteawful…likeeatingwoodorsand…justimaginebreadwithoutsaltinit!”Summary:Skill____________________KateaskedPaulnottousetoomuchsaltonhisfoodandtoldhimmanydisadvantagesofit.5:Putthemainpointsofadialogueinthepassivevoice174.Shebroughtalotofvegetablessuchascabbage,carrots,cucumbers,tomatoes,potatoesandsomeeggs.Sheintendedtoinviteallhisfriendsforherbirthdaypartyattheweekend.Summary:Skill___________________Toholdherbirthdaypartyattheweekend,sheboughtalotofvegetables.4:Usegeneralwordsinsteadofspecificwords18Summaryunderstandingthewritingstyletopicsentencekeywordsyourownwordsthe3rdperson1/3to1/4modify/revise19Thankyou!