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1语法专项整理（一）名词1、名词的种类：专有名词China,Beijing,Amy,January,Monday,普通名词可数名词单数abook,apencil,anapple,anumbrella,复数books,pencils,apples,umbrellas,不可数名词milk,water,juice,tea,rice,2、专有名词：专有名词是指某个人、某些地方、某样物品专有的名称。Children’sDay专有名词第一个字母要大写，前面不加a,an,the3、单数名词：（1）一般名词，在前面加a：abook,acomputer,（2）元音字母开头的名词，在前面加an：anegg,anorange（元音字母是：a,e,i,o,u）少数例外:anhour,auniversity(以元音发音为准)4、复数名词：规则：情况规则例词一般情况加scats,appleso,s,x,ch,sh结尾加epotatoes,buses,classes,boxes,watches辅音字母加y结尾去y加iesbutterfly--butterflies元音字母加y结尾加sdays,keys,boysf,fe结尾变成vesleaf--leaves,knife--knives不规则：情况例词改变元音foot--feet,tooth--teeth,goose--geese,man--men,woman--women,词尾发生变化child—children,mouse--mice单复数同形sheep--sheep,deer--deer,fish--fish,people--people5、不可数名词：在不可数名词前只能加some（一些）,much（许多）（1）液体：water,milk,coke,coffee,juice,tea（2）气体：air,vapour（3）不能“个别的”存在：hair,rice,beef,meat,pork,mutton2语法专项整理（二）代词1、人称代词人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit2、物主代词人称单数复数形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称hishistheirtheirsherhersitsits3、指示代词：this,that,these,those如：Thisismydoll.ThatisMary’s.Lookatthethosesheep.Theyareeatinggrass.语法专项整理（三）数词1、基数词：表示数目的多少oneonehundredtwotwentyonethousandthreethirteenthirty三位数要在百位和十位之间加and如：onehundredandsixteen116fourfourteenfortyfivefifteenfiftysixsixteensixty3sevenseventeenseventyonehundredandtwenty-one121eighteighteeneightyninenineteenninetyten加teen加ty两位数（非整十）中间加连字符“-”如：fifty-one51eleventwelve2、序数词：表示顺序第一至第十第十一至第十九第二十及以上firsteleventhsecondtwelfthtwentieththirdthirteenththirtiethfourthfourteenthfortiethfifthfifteenthfiftiethsixthsixteenthsixtiethseventhseventeenthseventietheightheighteentheightiethninthnineteenthninetiethtenth除第1、2、3,直接加thty结尾，变y为ie，再加th语法专项整理（五）介词1、介词的分类词类例词时间介词at7:00,inthemorning,onMonday,beforelunch,afterdinner,方位介词onthedesk,inthepark,athome,underthetree,behindthedoor,overthebed,infrontofthehouse,nearthelake,nexttothecinema,动向介词gotoschool,jumpintothewater,climbupthetree,skidownthemountain,runoutofthedoor方式介词bybike,onfoot,playwithmyfriend42、at,on,in在表示时间时的区别：（1）at用于具体的时刻：at10:05,atnoon,atnight,（2）on用于具体的一天（常与星期、节日、具体的某一天连用，也表示某天上午、下午或晚上）onMonday,onNewYear’sDay,onJune1st,onmybirthday,onFridaymorning,ontheweekend,（3）in用于某一段时间（常与上午、下午、晚上连用，常与月份、季节、年份连用）：inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening,inMarch,inspring,in2007,语法专项整理（六）Therebe结构1、概念：Therebe结构又叫存在句，表示某地存在某物。2、Therebe结构的肯定句（1）Thereis+可数名词单数+地点：Thereisabookonthedesk.（2）Thereis+不可数名词+地点：Thereissomewaterintheglass（3）Thereare+可数名词复数+地点：Therearesomeflowersinthegarden.就近原则：若句子中有几个并列的主语，be动词的形式和最近的一个主语保持一致Thereisabookand2pencilsinthebag.Therearemanyflowersandatreeinthegarden.3、Therebe结构的疑问句（把be动词提到句子前面，若句子中有some，要变为any）Isthereabookonthedesk?Isthereanywaterintheglass?Arethereanyflowersinthegarden?语法专项整理（七）现在进行时1、概念：表示说话时正在进行的动作。（提示词：Now,look,listen）2、构成：be动词+现在分词：形式例句第一人称单数+am+现在分词Iamreadingabook.第三人称单数+is+现在分词Heisdoinghomework.Sheisflyingakite.第二人称单数/各人称复数+are+现在分词Wearecookingdinner.Theyarecleaningtheroom.3、现在分词规则例词一般情况，加ingWalk-walking,do-doinge结尾，去e加ingdance-dancing,make-making,write-writing,have-having,5汉堡单词，双写加ingrun-running,swim-swimming语法专项整理（八）一般现在时1、概念：表示现在存在着的状况，也可理解为习惯性的动作，不断重复发生的事。提示词：always,often,usually,sometimes,never,everymorning,every…~2、构成：分类形式例句Be动词的一般现在时第一人称单数+amIamastudent.第三人称单数+isHeisaboy.Sheispretty第二人称单数/各人称复数+areWearegoodfriends.其他动词的一般现在时第三人称单数+动词单三形式Sheworksinthehospital.Helivesinthecity.其他人称+动词原形Theyworkinthefarm.Weliveinthevillage.3、动词单三形式：规则例词一般动词,加swork—works,make—makeso，ch，sh，s，x结尾加eswatch--watches,wash--washes,go--goes,do--does辅音字母加y，去y加iesfly—flies,cry--cries,元音字母加y，直接加sbuy--buys,play—plays,stay--stays,不规则形式have--hasare,am—is语法专项整理（九）一般将来时1、概念：表示将来要做的事，要发生的动作。提示词：tomorrow,tonight,thisafternoon,thisevening,thisweekend,nextweekend,nextMonday,2、构成：（1）be动词+goingto+动词原形：IamgoingtowatchTVafterdinner.Heisgoingtobuyabookthisafternoon.TheyaregoingtogoswimmingnextSunday.