现在分词讲解

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现在分词现在分词(PresentParticiple)(又称-ing形式、现在进行式),是分词的一种,分词又分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语和状语),并且它们具有动词的性质,所以又是类动词的一种。一.构成形式doing(特殊的略)现在分词表示主动的或进行的动作二.时态与语态一般式doing一般被动式beingdone完成式havingdone完成被动式havingbeendone所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not包括独立主格形式三.可作成分定语状语补语表语1.作定语单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前分词短语作定语时放在后并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系e.g.arunningboythegirlstandingthere一个发展中的国家,沸水,冉冉升起的太阳。并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句e.g.aboywhoisrunningagirlwhoisstandingthere2.作补语只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补1)感官动词:seehearwatchfeelnoticeobservekeepfindlistentolookat2)使役动词:havegetcatchleaveset值得注意的是:要想用现在分词来作宾补只能是用于这些词后但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词(有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补)eg.Isawhimsingingnow.Don'thavethestudentsstudyingallday.注意:宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者3.作表语现在分词作表语的情况只适用于上述的现在分词做定语部分中的注意3有三级变化可被副词修饰e.g.Thestoryisinteresting.Thematchisexciting.4.作状语作时间条件原因让步状时要位于句首且与后面用逗号隔开能转换为一个相应的状语从句作结果方式伴随状语时要位于句尾且与前面用逗号隔开有时也可以不用注意分词作状语时的逻辑主语(即分词动作的发出者)一般要与句中主语保持一致.1)作时间状语eg.Walkinginthestreet,Isawhim.当我在街上走时,我看到他了.Walkinginthestreet,Isawhim.翻译成”当我在街上走时,我看到他了.”而不可以翻译为”当他在街上走时,他看到我了.”(这个是因为”分词作状语时其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致”)要是想翻译成”当他在街上走时,我看到他了.”When/Whilehewaswalkinginthestreet,Isawhim.在这里在告诉大家另外的一个方法Hewalkinginthestreet,Isawhim.这是分词的独立主格形式我们以下会介绍在这里不需太理解.2)作条件状语e.g.Workinghard,youwillsucceed.3)作原因状语e.g.Beingill,shestayedathome.注意being是常用来作原因状语的4)作让步状语e.g.Havingfailedmanytimes,hedidn'tlostheart.5)作结果状语e.g.Hisfrienddied,leavinghimalotofmoney,6)作方式状语e.g.Pleaseanswerthequestionusinganotherway.7)作伴随状语可以转化为一个并列句e.g.Heisstandingthere,singing.5.作独立成分generallyspeaking一般来说Judgingfrom/by由……判断出6.现在分词的独立主格独立主格,又叫独立结构。它没有主语和谓语,只有逻辑上的主语,因此,它在句法上不是句子,而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾,用逗号与主句隔开。独立主格结构可分为两部分,一部分是名词或代词(主格),起着逻辑主语的作用;另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成,表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。在句中作状语要注意它不是句子e.g.Wintercoming,itgetscolderandcolder.冬天来了天变的越来越冷了Weatherpermitting,we'llgototheGreatwall.如果天气允许的话,我们就去长城。注意这句话我们不难发现it在句中指代的是”天气”注意当逻辑主语是人的身体部位时如果后面的动词是vt我们就用过去分词如果是vi我们就用现在分词其实用过去分词时是因为身体部位作了它的宾语e.g.Theboylayontheground,hiseyesclosedandhishandstrembling.这个男孩躺在地上眼睛闭着手在发抖.1.Takingpictures___veryinteresting.A.isB.areC.tobeD.be2.______thebadnewsmadehimcry.A.HearB.HeardC.HearingD.Ishearing3._____adeserthadalwaysbeenariskadventure.A.beingcrossedB.HavingcrossedC.CrossingD.Tohavecrossed4.Beforehecame,I’dfinished_______thewholebook.A.toreadB.tohavereadC.readingD.read5.Ialwaysenjoy____topopularmusicatnight.A.tolistenB.listeningC.thatIcanlistenD.ifIcanlisten6.Weareconsidering________atriparoundtheisland.A.takeb.totakeC.tobetakingD.taking7.Ihopeyoudon’tmind____atyournewspaper.A.IlookB.mylookingC.IlookingD.mytolook8.Whenaman’sheartstops______,hedies.A.tobeatB.beatingC.beatD.beaten9.Ican’thelp_______heisstillalive.A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thoughtof10.SofarasIamconcerned,Ipreferreading________.A.thanmeatB.forjoyC.insteadofsleepingDtodrinking11.Itgoeswithout_______thatknowledgeisimportant.A.talkingB.tellingC.sayingD.mentioning12.wearelookingforward______ourfriendsnextweek.A.toseeB.toseeingC.tobeseeingD.shallsee1.Ican’tstand________withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses________talkingwhileshewasworking.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop2.Don’tsitthere________nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.A.doB.todoC.doingD.anddoing3.Thewildflowerlookedlikeasoftorangeblanket________thedesert.A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocover4.Tom’sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It’snouse________withhim.A.toargueB.arguingC.arguedD.havingargued5.Thestormleft,________alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused6.________,themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality.A.GeneralspeakingB.SpeakinggeneralC.GenerallyspeakingD.Speakinggenerally7.“Youcan’tcatchme!”Janeshouted,________away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran8.Icould’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise________.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon9.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk________thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost10.________formanyyears,thetwobrotherscan’trecognizeeachother.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated11.Themanager,________itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.making12.Ireallycan’tunderstand________herlikethat.A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating13.EverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand________jokes.A.turningupB.puttingupC.makingupD.showingup14.ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures________inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes!A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed15.Don’tleavethewater________whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun16.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek________TV.A.towatchB.towatchingC.watchingD.watch17.Themaninsisted________ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding18.Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime________theexam.A.passB.topassC.passedD.passing19.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman________hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting20.Acookw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