材料成型及控制工程专业英语

授课：陈锡勇电话：[phone]材料成型及控制工程专业英语PARTI.MEASUREMENTS&UNITS(衡量与单位)EnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineering(I)MAGNITUDES/NUMBERS(数字与数量级)：Readthefollowingnumbers:3,0005,003,0000.31.5360.0000027/1049/1003/733/1254.8×10-5EnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineering(I)ThreethousandsFivemillionsandthreethousands(Zero)PointthreeOnepointfivethreesix(Zero)PointoooootwoSevententhForty-ninehundredthThreeseventhThirty-three,onehundredtwenty-fifthFourpointeighttimestentominusfiveMAGNITUDES/NUMBERS(数字与数量级)：NumberEnglishChinesePrefixSymbol1one一103thousand千kilo-k106million百万mega-M109billion十亿giga-G1012trillion兆tera-T10-1tenth分deci-d10-2hundredth厘centi-c10-3thousandth毫milli-m10-6millionth微micro-m10-9billionth纳nano-nEnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineering(I)MEASUREMENTS：Mass质量Length长度Time时间Area面积Volume体积Force/Weight力/重量Speed速度Pressure压强Energy能量Power功率EnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineering(I)Heat热Fluids流体Electricity电Magnetism磁Light光Sound声UNITS–MASSEnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineering(I)MetricUnits:gramg克kilogramkg千克tonne公吨U.S./BritishUnits:ounceoz盎司poundlbm磅ton英吨1tonne=1000kg1kg=1000g1ton=2000lbs1lb=16oz1kg≈2.2046lbm0.4536kg≈1lbm1mol=???lbmolUNITS–MOLARMASS(摩尔质量)EnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineering(I)MetricUnits:g/mol克/摩尔U.S./BritishUnits:lbm/lbmol磅/磅摩尔1g/mol=1lbm/lbmol1mol=2.2046×10-3lbmol1g/mol=2.2046×10-3lbm/molUNITS–FORCE/WEIGHTEnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineering(I)MetricUnits:NewtonN牛顿kilogram-forcekg-f公斤力U.S./BritishUnits:Pound(force)lbf磅1kg-f≈9.81N1lbf≈0.4536kg-f≈4.45NUNITS–LENGTHEnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineering(I)MetricUnits:meterm米kilometerkm千米centimetercm厘米millimetermm毫米micrometermm微米nanometernm纳米AngstromÅ埃U.S./BritishUnits:mile英里yardyd码foot(feet)ft(‘)英尺inchin(“)英寸1m=1×109nm1nm=10Å1mile=1760yd1yd=3ft1ft=12in1in=25.4mm1mile=1.609344kmUNITS–AREAEnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineering(I)MetricUnits:squaremeterm2平方米squarecentimetercm2平方厘米squarekilometerkm2平方公里hectareha公顷U.S./BritishUnits:squareinchin2平方英寸squarefoot(feet)ft2平方英尺squaremilemile2平方英里acreac英亩1ac=1/640mile2=43,560ft2=4046.8564224m2=10,000m2UNITS–VOLUMEEnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineering(I)MetricUnits:cubicmeterm3立方米cubiccentimetercm3立方厘米milliliterml毫升literl升U.S./BritishUnits:cubicinchin3立方英寸cubicfoot(feet)ft3立方英尺gallongal加仑quartqt夸脱1gal=4qt≈3.785412lUNITS–TIME,SPEED&ACCELERATIONEnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineering(I)MetricUnits:meters/secondm/s米/秒kilometers/hourkm/hr公里/小时kilometers/secondkm/s千米/秒U.S./BritishUnits:feet/secondft/s,fps英尺/秒feet/secondft/m,fpm英尺/分miles/hourmph英里/小时Gravitationalaccelerationonearth:g≈9.80665m/s2≈32.174ft/s2Fequency:HertzHz赫兹UNITS–PRESSUREEnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineering(I)PascalPa帕(斯卡)megapascalMPa兆帕barometricbar巴millibarmbar毫巴atmosphereatm大气压pound-forcepersquareinchpsi磅(力)每平方英寸millimeterofmercurymmHg毫米汞柱TorricelliTorr托millitorrmTorr毫托1Pa=1N/m21MPa=106Pa1bar=100kPa1mbar=10-3bar1atm=1.01325bar1psi≈6.895kPa1atm≈760mmHg1atm=760Torr1mTorr=10-3TorrUNITS–ENERGYEnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineering(I)JouleJ焦耳kilojoulekJ千焦caloriecal卡kilocaloriekcal千卡Kilowatt-hourkWh千瓦时BritishThermalUnitBTUelectron-volteV电子伏特1kJ=1000J1cal=4.1868J1kcal=103cal1kWh=3600kJ1BTU≈1055.056J1eV≈1.60219×10-19JUNITS–POWEREnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineering(I)WattW瓦特kilowattkW千瓦BTUperhourBTU/hrvolt-ampereVA伏安horsepowerhp马力1W=1J/s1kW=1000W1BTU/hr≈0.29307W1VA=1W1hp=746WUNITS–HEATEnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineering(I)Temperature(T):KelvinK开尔文Celsius˚C摄氏度Fahrenheit˚F华氏度Rankine˚R兰氏度ThermalConductivity(λ):导热系数W/(m·K)BTU/(ft·hr·˚F)SpecificHeatCapacity(Cp):比热容kJ/(kg·K)BTU/(lbm·˚F)HeatTransferCoefficient(k):传热系数W/(m2·K)BTU/(ft2·hr·˚F)K=˚C+273.15˚F=˚C×1.8+32˚R=K×1.8UNITS–FLUIDSEnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineering(I)DynamicViscosity(μ):动力粘度PoiseP泊centipoisecP厘泊1P=100cP=0.1Pa·s=1g/cm·sKinematicViscosity(ν):运动粘度stokesSt斯(托克斯)centistokescSt厘斯1St=100cSt=10-4m2/s=1cm2/sSurfaceTension(σ):表面张力N/mdyn(达因)/cm1N/m=103dyn/cmnusigmam=nrUNITS–ELECTRICITYEnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineering(I)Charge(Q):电荷CoulombC库仑milliampere-hourmAh毫安时Current(I):电流AmpereA安培Voltage(U,E):电压VoltV伏特Resistance(R):电阻OhmΩ欧姆1H=1Wb/A=1V·s/A1F=1C/V=106mF1S=1A/V=1Ω-1Conductance(κ):电导SiemensS西门子Inductance(L):电感HenryH亨利Capacitance(C):电容FaradayF法拉第UNITS–MAGNETISMEnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineering(I)MagneticFieldStrength(H):磁场强度OerstedOe奥斯特1Oe=1000/4πA/m≈79.5775A/mMagneticFluxDensity(B):磁通量密度，磁感应强度TeslaT特斯拉GaussG高斯1T=10,000G=1N/(A·m)=1kg/(A·s2)=1Wb/m2MagneticFlux(ΦB):磁通量WeberWb韦伯1Wb=1V·sUNITS–LIGHTEnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineering(I)LuminousFlux():光通量lumenlm流明LuminousIntensity(I):光强度Candelacd坎德拉1cd=1lm/srIlluminance(E):光照度，lm/m2metercandlemc米烛光footcandleftc英尺烛光1mc=0.929ftcluxlx勒克斯Luminance(L):光亮度，cd/m2millilambertmL毫朗伯footlambertftL英尺朗伯1mL=0.0929ftLSCHEMATICOFLIGHTINTENSITYEnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineering(I)A0–Unitareal0–Unitlengtha–UnitsteradianaA0A0A1l0l1A/r2=1rUNITS–SOU