高中英语定语从句精华版教学案

WORD格式整理专业知识分享定语从句思维导图易考易错点总结定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：1．考查如何正确选择关系词解题思路：找出从句，确定被修饰词，即先行词→将先行词代入定语从句，判断先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分:若作主语、宾语、表语、定语，则选择关系代词；若作状语则选关系副词。2．考查whose的用法whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。指物时，whose＋名词＝名词＋ofwhich＝ofwhich＋名词。如：Theclassroomwhosedoor/thedoorofwhich/ofwhichthedoorisbrokenisonthesecondfloor.3．考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和that，what引导的主语从句的区别。4．考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如：I,whoamyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwheneveryouareintrouble.5．考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如：Theteacherinfrontofwhosehousestandsatalltreeisverypatientwithhisstudents.同时还要注意包含复杂介词或代词短语的定语从句与并列句的区别。如：(1)Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(定语从句)(2)Heloveshisparentsdeeplyandbothofthemareverykindtohim.(并列句)此外，“介词＋which＋名词”结构也是一个较为特殊的结构。如：Hewasveryill,inwhichcase(＝andinthiscase)wesenthimtohospitalfirst.6．考查一些特殊的先行词(1)当situation,point,position,case,activity,scene,job,race,stage,degree及period,festival,occasion（场合/时机）等出现时，要注意具体情况具体分析。这类词作主语、宾语或表语时，用关系代词that或which；作状语时，用关系副词where，when或“介词＋which”。WORD格式整理专业知识分享(2)theway做先行词，当它在从句中作方式状语时，其后的关系词用inwhich/that/省略；当它作主语/宾语时，其后的关系词用which/that。7．考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别(1)Itwasthissmallvillagewherewegottoknoweachother.(定语从句)(2)Itwasinthissmallvillagethatwegottoknoweachother.(强调句)(3)Itwas1914whenthewarbrokeout.(时间状语从句)导入：e.g.Sheisabeautifulgirl.Sheisagirlwhoisbeautiful.（一）定语从句定义1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个____或_____的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，2.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。3.用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系代词的种类：关系代词____,______,______,_______,_______,______关系副词：_____,where,why4.定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。1.Thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.2.InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.3.OprahWinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.（二）定语从句分类限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连缺少它，则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。1.ThemanwhogavemethisbookisTom.(________)2.Tom,whoisreadingabook,ismyclassmate(_____________)（三）关系代词先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。先行词指代关系词定语从句在从句中做的成分人主语(说明是“谁”)人宾语(说明是“谁”)人定语(说明是“谁的”)人/物主语/宾语物主语/宾语时间时间状语原因原因状语地点地点状语人物/事件/句子主语/宾语/表语1.who指人，在定语从句中作_____语，口语中可做_____语；that也可指人，但多用who.WORD格式整理专业知识分享e.g.Theman_____issittingunderthetreeisaGerman.Thestudents______speaksGermanbestcomesfromChina.Theman________youwanttoseeishere.2.Whom指_____，在句中做____，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who.关系代词前有介词时不能省略。e.g.Theman(_____)youlookforhasleft.Iknowthegirl(_______)theteacherisspeakingto.Iknowthegirlto________theteacherisspeaking.3.whose,作定语，可指人或物=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhichthe+ne.g.Everyoneheplpsthechild_____parentsaredead.Theyarethelazystudents____homeworkwasn’thandedin.针对练习2011全国卷I)Theprizewillgotothewriter________storyshowsthemostimagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what2011四川卷）Theschoolshop,________customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfewtheholidays.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where3.〖10山东〗That’sthenewmachine______partsaretoosmalltobeseen.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.What4.〖10陕西〗Theoldtemple_______roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose5.〖10北京〗Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that6.〖10重庆〗Inchina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing________developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.A.whereB.whichC.whoseD.that4.that指___或______，多指物，作_____语（不能省略）或_____语（可省略）e.g.Heisthefinestcomrade_____hashelpedus.Thisisaplant_______growsinthenorth.5.which,指_____，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。e.g.Thisisaplant_______growsinthenorth.常用that不用which的情况只能that用做关系代词的情况（共9种类型）。1.当先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none,one等不定代词时，只用that。歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。Payattentiontoeverything_____Ido.2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。歌诀助记：先行词前被限定，千万不要用which.Thisisthebestnovel(______)haveread.3.如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。歌诀助记：两项并列人与物，引导定从用that.Theyweretalkingaboutthepersonandthings______theyrememberedinschool.4.当先行词被theonly,thelast,thevery,thesame等等修饰时。WORD格式整理专业知识分享Thisisthelasttime______Ishallgiveyoualesson.5.在疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用that。Whichofthestudents______knowssomethingabouthistory.6.当先行词被All,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时，只用that。Hehaslittletime______hecanspare.7.当被修饰的成分是数词时，（被修饰成分是代名词one，指人时除外）只用that.I’vegotone______youmightbeinterestedin.（3）用which，不用that的情况①引导非限制性定语从句。e.g.Football,______isaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,______personallyIdoubtverymuch.卡罗尔说这项工作将在十月前做，对此我个人表示怀疑。②直接放在介词后作宾语时。Languageisthemostimportanttoolwithout______peoplecan'tcommunicatewitheachother.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。2011上海卷)You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation____youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as2011山东卷）Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_____arebuiltclosetoeachother.A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that2011福建卷）Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents____allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who4.〖10湖南〗I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.wh