中西方节日(英文)

WesternFestivals新年NewYear’sDay1月1日情人节Valentine’sDay2月14日复活节Easter3月21日或此日后月圆的第一个星期日愚人节AllFool’sDay4月1日母亲节Mother’sDay5月的第二个星期日父亲节Father’sDay6月的第三个星期日劳动节LaborDay9月的第一个星期一万圣节前夕Halloween10月31日感恩节ThanksgivingDay11月的第四个星期四圣诞节ChristmasDay12月25日情人节（Valentine’sDay）HowtoCelebrate?Whatgiftstogive?Itisaholidayforthelovers.Whenonthe14thofFebruaryWhattodoLoversgivethecandy,theflowersorothergiftstoeachother,…Valentine’sDay情人节Background•Duringthethirdcentury,ValentineservedinRome.•KingClaudiusIIoutlawedmarriageforyoungmen.•Valentine,realizingtheunfairnessoftherule,•disobeyedandcontinuedtoperformmarriagesinsecret.•werediscovered,beputtodeathonFebruary14thA.D.270.•FromA.D.496on,February14thwasestablishedasadaytohonorValentine.愚人节（AprilFool'sDay）AprilFool’sDay愚人节Itisadaytoplayjokesonothers.Whenonthe1stofAprilWhattodoplayjokesonothers,…Origin•thefirstdayofApril.•playsillybutharmlessjokes•AvictimofoneofthesepranksiscalledanAprilfool.Justforfun.•itoriginatedinFrance.WhentheFrenchfirstadoptedtheGregorian(罗马教皇格列高利的)calendarin1564,somepeoplecontinuedtousetheoldcalendartocelebrateNewYear'sDayonApril1.ThesepeoplewerecalledAprilFools.ThecustomofplayingtricksonthisdaybecamepopularinFranceandthenspreadtomanyothercountries.FunmakingEasterDay复活节Easter复活节WhenusuallyonSundayofMarchorAprilWhattodoputonthenewclothes，makealotofeggsandcolorthem，theparentshidetheeggsandthechildrenlookfortheeggs，…Easter复活节•复活节是纪念耶稣基督在十字架受刑死后复活的节日，西方信基督教的国家都过这个节。•英文原句为：“Easter,anniversaryoftheResurrectionofChrist,observedonthefirstSundayafterafullmoononorafter21March.”复活节(Easterday)•EasterSundayfallssometimebetweenMarch22andApril25.ItfallsonthefirstSundayafterthefirstfullmoonfollowingMarch21.•Easterisimportantforseveralreasons.PrimarilyitisatimeforfamiliestogettogethermuchlikeChristmasorThanksgiving.Theyusuallyhavealargemealandservetraditionaldishessuchasbakedham.EastereggsChurchsocialsOctober31stHalloween万圣节前夕Whenonthe31stofOctoberWhattodousuallydressupincostumes，gotoparties，makepumpkinlanterns,(Jack-O-lantern)childrenplaygames“Trickortreat”,…•Itoriginatedasareligiousholiday,nowcelebratedlargelyasachildren'sday.•Theorangepumpkinishollowedoutwithafunnyfaceandacandleinsideasadecorationinthewindow.•Theholidaywascelebratedbydressingupinstrangeandfrighteningcostumesandplayingtricksonone'sneighborsandfriends.•play“trickortreat”DayofGhostJackO'Lantern“Trickortreat”AkidincostumeAmaninmaskParadeincostumeThanksgivingDayfourthThursdayofNov.ThanksgivingDay感恩节WhenonthefourthThursdayofNovemberWhattodogivethanksforthegoodthings,havedinnerwiththefamily,cookturkey，…Historicalbackground•“Mayflower”shipThanksgivingDay•In1620,thesettlers,orPilgrims,theysailedtoAmericaontheMayflower,seekingaplacewheretheycouldhavefreedomofworship.•Afteratwo-monthvoyagetheylandedatinicyNovember.Duringtheirfirstwinter,overhalfofthesettlersdiedofstarvationorepidemics.Thosewhosurvivedbegansowinginthefirstspring.Allsummerlongtheywaitedfortheharvestswithgreatanxiety,knowingthattheirlivesandthefutureexistenceofthecolonydependedonthecomingharvest.•Finallythefieldsproducedayieldrichbeyondexpectations.AndthereforeitwasdecidedthatadayofthanksgivingtotheLord.ThanksgivingDaycomesatthefourthThursdayofNovemberintheUSA,andthesecondMondayofOctoberinCanada.•adayofthanksgivingtotheLord•Familydinner•ExpressgratitudeMainfood•TurkeyPumpkinpieActivity:paradeChristmas圣诞节Whenonthe25thofDecemberWhattodousuallyhaveabigdinnerwiththefamily,buyChristmastrees,givepresentstoeachother,…ThebirthofJesusChrist.FoodtoeatChristmastreeFatherChristmas“洋节”流行的思考近些年，中国人尤其是年轻一代越来越重视西方节日，特别是圣诞节、情人节，而对本土的节日特别是春节、七夕节的兴趣有所淡化。有人认为这是“文化入侵Culturalinvasion”，斥责那些接受“洋节”的人“崇洋媚外worshipandhaveblindfaithinforeignthings”。另一部分人则认为这种情形是中西文化交流与融合combinations的正常表现，在中国人接受外国节日的同时，外国人也在接受中国的节日，我们没有必要为此过分担心。文化背景的不同中国的主要传统节日都是由岁时节令转换而来的，具有浓厚的农业色彩。而西方的传统节日大多来源于基督教，带有浓厚的宗教色彩。从辞源学上看，“节”最初在汉字中是指植物叶与枝交接的部位，引申为季节、节气，随后又引申出节日的意义。而在英语中，“节日”(holiday/holyday)一词本义就是“神的日子”，或者“献身宗教的日子”。中西方节日起源的不同反映了二者背后两种不同的文化。一种是农业文化，一种是基督教文化。二十四节气The24SolarTerms立春Springbegins.雨水Therains.惊蛰Insectsawaken.春分VernalEquinox清明Clearandbright.谷雨Grainrain.立夏Summerbegins.小满Grainbuds.芒种Graininear.夏至Summersolstice.小暑Slightheat.大暑Greatheat.立秋Autumnbegins.处暑Stoppingtheheat.白露Whitedews.秋分AutumnEquinox.寒露Colddews.霜降Hoar-frostfalls.立冬Winterbegins.小雪Lightsnow.大雪Heavysnow.冬至WinterSolstice.小寒Slightcold.大寒Greatcold节日内容的不同中国传统节日的习俗主要以吃喝饮食为主题，而西方国家传统节日的习俗则主要以玩乐为主题。中国讲究饮食，体现了“民以食为天”的文化传统。西方则偏好交往，具有游牧文化的遗风和商业文明的特色。价值取向方面的不同中国传统节日文化体现了儒家的集体主义，西方传统节日文化体现了个人主义。中华民族数千年的农耕文明及其以血缘、家庭为纽带的内向型经济模式，决定了中国文化的集体主义价值取向。纵观中国传统节日活动，大多展现出中华民族强烈的宗族家庭观念和社会群体观念。各节日无不以家族、家庭内部活动为中心。如年节、元宵节、中秋节等节日民俗对阖家团圆主题的凸现等等。西方文化奉行个人本位，以自我为中心，重个人，重竞争，注重人的人格和尊严。西方的节日文化更侧重于个人与个人之间的关系，特别是个人与个人之间的关心、友爱和亲情。西方的节日文化，十分注重个人性格的张扬与个人情感的表达。