博艺通教育1一般现在时,将来时和现在进行时的讲解与练习一.一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实和普遍真理。如:Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。二.一般现在时关键词always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom极少,hardly几乎不,never,everyday(week,year,night),onSundays,onMonday,intheevening,once/twice//threetimesamonth每月一次/两次/三次三、一般现在时的构成1.be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数,即要在动词后加-s或-es。如:MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。四、一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。①否定句:主语+be+not+其它。如:Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。②一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它。如:-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.③特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Whereismybike?2.行为动词的变化。①否定句:主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如:Idon'tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:Hedoesn'toftenplay.②一般疑问句:Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如:-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.③特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Howdoesyourfathergotowork?3.含有情态动词(can,must,will,shall,might,should..)的句子变化陈述句:主语+情态动词+动词原形+其它否定句:主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+其它一般疑问句:情态动词+主语+动词原形+其它+?特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形+其它?Whatcanhedointhefuture?五、动词碰到第三人称单数时,要进行相应的变化:动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milkswork-works2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:study-studiescarry-carries4.have-has现在进行时【概念】1.现在进行时:表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态。构成:主语+be+doing博艺通教育2【用法】肯定句:主语+be+doing+其他.否定句:主语+be+not+doing+其他.一般疑问句:Be+主语+doing+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+be(am/is/are)特殊疑问句:疑问词(whathowwherewhen..)+be+主语+doing+其它+?关键词:now,look,listen,atthismoment一般过去时【概念】1.一般过去时:表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。构成:主语+动词过去式(+ed)【用法】肯定句:主语+动词过去式(+ed)+其他.否定句:主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他.一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+did.否定回答:No,主语+didn’t关键词:lastyear/Monday/month…..,thismorning,twodays/threeyears….ago,in+过去的年份,justnow,WhenIwas6yearsold,onceuponatime.一般将来时【概念】1.一般将来时:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。构成:主语(任何人称和数)+will+动词原形【用法】肯定句:主语+will+动词原形+其他.否定句:主语+willnot(won't)+动词原形+其他.一般疑问句:Will+主语+动词原形+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+will.否定回答:No,主语+won't.【概念】2.由“主语+be(am;is;are)goingto+动词原形”来表示一般将来时。【用法】1.肯定句:主语+be(am;is;are)goingto+动词原形+其他.否定句:主语+be(am;is;are)+not+goingto+动词原形+其他.一般疑问句:Be(Am;Is;Are)+主语+goingto+动词原形+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+be(am;is;are).否定回答:No,主语+be(am;is;are)+not.2.虽然“will+动词原形”和“begoingto+动词原形”都可以表示将来时,但两者还是有些区别的。下面例句中的will和begoingto一般不可以互换。will可以表示“主观意愿”,或者表示“请求”;以及表示“不以人的意志为转移,自然发展的未来的事”,begoingto侧重于表示“打算、计划、准备要做的事”;或者“根据某种迹象判断将要发生的事”。名词的复习可数名词复数形式变化:(1)规则变化1)一般变化,在名词后加-s,如:book—books;bag—bags2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名面,加-es,如:bus—buses;box—boxes;watch—watches;wish—wishes;glass—glasses3)以辅音字母加-y结尾的单词,变y为i再加-es,如:city—cities;country—countries;study—studies;family—families4)以f或fe结尾的单词,有些将f或fe变为v,再加-es;有些只加-s:wife—wives;knife—knives;wolf—wolves;thief—thieves;shelf—shelves;myself—myselves;life—lives;half—halves;leaf—leaves;博艺通教育3roof—roofs;chief—chiefs;belief—beliefs;proof—proofs;handkerchief—handkerchiefs/handerchieves(手帕/头巾)记住下面这首顺口溜,相信你就不会觉得难了。妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolr),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌;躲在架后(shelf)保己命(myself),半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。按:顺口溜中的红体字是中学阶段学过的九个以—f(e)结尾的名词:wife(妻子),knife(小刀),wolf(狼),thief(小偷),shelf(架子),self(自己),life(生命),half(一半),leaf(树叶)。这九个词变复数时,都是改-f(e)为ve再加-s。由self构成的复合词,其变化与self相同(如:myself→ourselves;yourself→yourselves;himself,herselfitself→themselves)。5)以o结尾的名词,有些加-s,有些加-es。如:hero—heroes;Negro—Negroes;potato—potatoes;tomato—tomatoes(两人两菜)photo—photos;radio—radios;piano—pianos;studio—studios;bamboo—bamboos;zero—zeros/zeroes;(2)不规则变化child—children;foot—feet;tooth—teeth;goose—geese;mouse—mice;man—men;woman—women注意:由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词,其复数形式同上。Englishman—Englishmen;Frenchman—frenchmen;但German—Germans(不是合成词)(3)单复数同形deer;sheep;fish;Chinese;Japanese2日课堂作业一.按要求写出下列词的其它形式:1.house_________(名词复数)2.play___________(过去式)3.make__________(过去式)4.orange_________(名词复数)5.draw___________(过去式)6.buy___________(过去式)7.brush__________(名词复数)8.family___________(名词复数)9.bus___________(名词复数)10.put__________(过去式)11.box___________(名词复数)12.baby__________(名词复数)13.class__________(名词复数)14.factory_________(名词复数)15.has__________(过去式)16.fly_________(过去式)17.watch_________(名词复数)18.woman_________(名词复数)19.go__________(过去式)20.sing_________(过去式)21.wish__________(名词复数)22.German________(名词复数)23.tomato_________(名词复数)24.forget_________(过去式)25.kilo__________(名词复数)26.run_________27.build___________28.Chinese________(名词复数)29.spend__________(过去式)30.Japanese_________(名词复数)31.leaf___________(名词复数)32.American__________(名词复数)33.sleep___________34.tooth__________(名词复数)35.wife_________(名词复数)36.foot________(名词复数)37.win__________(过去式)38.sheep__________(名词复数)39.hear___________(过去式)二.单选。1.Therearethree______andseven______inthepicture.A.cows,sheepsB.cows,sheepC.cow,sheepD.cow,sheeps2.June1is_______.A.children’sdayB.children’sDayC.Children’sDayD.Children’sday3.______roomisnexttotheirparents’.A.Kate’sandJoan’sB.Kate’sandJoanC.KateandJoan’sD.KateandJoan4.MissGreenisafriendof_______.A.Mary’smother’sB.Mary’smotherC.Marymother’sD.mother’sofMary5.Sheep_______whiteandmilk_______alsowhite.A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are6.I’dliketohaveaglassofmilkand_______.A.twobreadsB